Self Esteem

self esteem

based on evaluating the self, and rating one’s behaviors and qualities as positive or negative, which results in defining the self as worthy or non-worthy

ex: pride, dignity

self efficacy

a person’s belief in their ability to complete a task or achieve a goal

ex: you can walk 1 mile without any difficulty

spotlight effect

individuals believe others notice them, particularly their mistakes and other embarrassing actions, more than they actually do

excessive optimism

occurs when individuals have an unrealistic belief that positive outcomes are more likely to occur than negative ones

ex: a customer might invest in new business venture with high expectations of success

blindness to ones own incompetence

people who don’t know much about a given subject don’t have the knowledge or skills to spot they own mistakes or knowledge gaps

self-serving bias

the tendency of individuals to attribute their successes to their own abilities and efforts while blaming external factors for their failures

ex: a student who does well ascribes their success to their excellent preparation and intelligence

narcissism

a mental health condition in which people have an unreasonably high sense of their own importance

ex: a toxic relationship

personnel / industrial psychology

considers how to best match employees to the jobs they are suited for, given their skills, background and strengths

unstructured interviews

more like a conversation and the interviewer only facilitates the discussion

fundamental attribution error

the tendency for people to overestimate the effect of personality and underestimate the effect of circumstances in viewing another person’s behavior

ex: assuming someone is impatient instead of them having a bad day

self fulfilling prophecy

an expectation, either positive or negative, about people or events that may affect a person’s behavior, causing those expectations to be fulfilled

ex: if a man believes that women in general are physically weaker and less capable than men, he may treat her differently

confirmation bias

the human tendency to only seek out information that supports one position or idea

ex: how we seek out or interpret news stories

comparative judgements

a method that allows measurement of a competence by comparison of items with other items

interviewing bias

getting intentions- not necessarily behavior

lack of feedback- availability heuristic

potential interview issues

open to distortion

low reliability

questionable validity

structured interviews

a standardized method of assessment in which the interviewer asks a predetermined set of questions as written and records patient responses

organizational psychology

the scientific study of human behaviors in organizations and the workplace

employee satisfaction

pleasurable or positive emotional state, resulting from the appraisal of one’s job experiences

leadership styles

how someone guides, motivates, and manages others while strategizing and executing tactics to meet team and stakeholder demands

expectancy theory

what do I get if I succeed

if I succeed how likely am I to get what I expect

how likely am I to succeed

Hawthorne effect

peoples tendency to behave differently when they become aware that they are being observed

task leadership

goal-directed or goal-oriented type of leadership

social leadership

the study of how individuals influence and guide others within a group or social context

transformational leadership

a style that inspires and motivates employees to exceed expectations through vision, empathy, and innovation, emphasizing growth for both individuals and organizations