HVII 1485-1509

First Actions Foreign Policy:

1. Who did HVII make a one year truce with in 1485

2. Who did HVII make a trade treaty with in 1486

3. Who did HVII make a 3 year truce with in 1486

4. Who did HVII make negotiations with to marry Arthur and Catherine in 1488

1. France

2. Brittany

3. Scotland

4. Spain

Foreign Policy

When France invaded Brittany in 1488, why was this a problem for HVII

France would be more powerful

Lost another way to invade France

Foreign Policy

What treaty did HVII sign with Brittany in 1489 which sent english troops at Brittanys expense

Treaty of Redon

Foreign Policy

Why was HVII in a difficult position when Anne of Brittany abandoned Maximillian & married Charles VIII in 1491, only a year after their marriage?

Brittany had been taken over by France because of marriage

henry has to do something or else he’ll look weak

Foreign Policy

When was the one and only time that HVII invaded France, managing to lay seige to Boulogne?

1492

Foreign Policy

What treaty came as a result of HVII invading France and what were the conditions of it

Treaty of Etaples 1492

France would have to pay the annual French pension of £5,000

Charles VII would not support any pretenders

Henry would withdraw his troops from Brittany

France agreed to pay the costs of the invasion

Foreign Policy

What treaty did HVII sign in 1489 & what were its conditions & why was it important

The Treaty of Medina Del campo

Agreed the marriage of Catherine and Arthur

Promised to help each other out if attacked

Ferdinand agreed to not support any pretenders

Important because it shows that Ferdinand thought Henry was legitimate - gave his daughter to HVII’s son

Foreign Policy

Who was executed in 1499

Warbeck and Warwick

Foreign Policy

Who married in 1501 and why was it important?

Catherine and Arthur

Important because it created a strong alliance with Spain

Foreign Policy

When did Warbeck and James IV cross the border into England with an army

1494-7

Foreign Policy

What rebellion in what year meant that HVII’s troops couldnt fight James IV and Warbeck, making HVII resort to diplomacy

Cornish Rebellion 1497

Foreign Policy

What year was the Truce of Ayton and what did it do

1497, James IV agreed to stop supporting pretenders (warbeck) and the marriage between HVII’s daughter Margaret and James IV was negotiated

Foreign Policy

What year did Arthur die and what were the consequences

1502

Henry VIII wasnt trained to be King and was only 11

Alliance with Spain was in danger

Foreign Policy

When did HVII’s wife Elizabeth die and what were the consequences

1503, Unity between Lancaster and York is gone

Foreign Policy

When did Isabella of Castile die and what were the consequences

1504

Split Spain into Castile and Aragon

Philip wanted to claim Castile for Joanna

Ferdinand wanted to act as regent for Joanna

Foreign Policy

When was the Treaty of Windsor, what were the circumstances behind it and what trade agreement came out of it

1506, on the way to claim Castile, Philip and Joanna were driven ashore in England by storms. HVII welcomed them and agreed to the treaty of windsor

Edmund de la pole was surrendered to HVII

Intercursus malus- gave english merchants privileges - export duties on English products to be removed in Burgandy

BUT Philip died before this came into effect

Foreign Policy

In 1507, Henry tried to keep both France and Maximillian as allies, what did he do and who did it offend?

Negotiated marriage between Prince Henry and a French Princess

Negotiated Marriage between HVII’s daughter Mary to Charles V

Ferdinand was furious because Prince Henry was already betrothed to Catherine

Foreign Policy

In 1508, the league of Cambrai was signed between France, Spain and Maximillian against Venice, Henry was not invited to join, why?

A. Henry wasnt important

B. Henry didnt care about Venice

C. Henry angered people so much that they didnt want him to know

First Actions

What were HVII’s 8 first actions when he came onto the throne in 1485

1. Predating his reign by one day

2. Rewards on the battlefield

3. Proclamation

4. Choice of advisors

5. Coronation

6. Business of the new parliament

7. Marriage 1486

8. Tudor propaganda

First Actions

Why did HVII Predate his reign by one day

Allowed him to use the act of Attainder on anyone who fought for Richard III

(land gone but can be won back, could also be executed for treason)

First Actions

What is an example of rewards on the battlefield

HVII knighted 11 men on the battlefield at Bosworth

First actions

What was HVII’s choice of advisors

They were all his family or close friends e.g. his mum margaret Beaufort

First actions

What was the business of the new parliament

Reverse Richard III attainders

Reclaim all lands held by Henry VI before the war of the roses

New oaths of loyalty - especially Justices of Peace

Nullification of Titulug Regius (the act that declared Elizabeth of York illegitimate)

First actions

what Tudor propaganda did HVII implement

Divine right of kings

First son called Arthur after mythical figure

Lancaster heritage - made tomb of Henry VI a place of pilgrimage

Finances

What system of finance did HVII use at first and then what system did HVII switch to near the end of his reign?

Exchequer to the chamber

Finances

What is some evidence that switching from the Exchequer to the chamber worked well

1486- Exchequer - £11,700 annually

1508- Chamber - £42,000 annually

Finances

What type of revenues did HVII use

Ordinary and extraordinary revenue

Finances

What was extraordinary revenue

One-off payments in emergencies, e.g. war

Finances

What are some examples of ordinary revenue

Customs duties - taxes on goods entering or leaving the country

Feudal dues- Various taxes and obligations owed to the crown by landowners

Crown lands- increases revenue from rents, sales of crops and resources

Finances

What are some examples of extraordinary revenue

Parliamentary subsidies- taxes specifically approved by Parliament often for military expenses

Loans- voluntary loans primarily from merchants

Benevolances- gifts given without expectation of repayment

Finances

What is some evidence that HVII improved Englands finances

HVII inherited a bankrupt crown

Last years of Edward VI’s reign annual income = £65,000

Last years of HVII reign annual estimated income = £113,000

Government

How did HVII use the privy chamber

It was a private place only for the king

It was used for managing finance

Government

What was court like during HVII’s reign

It was the public face of the crown, filled with leisure, entertainment, courtship etc with many foreign ambassadors, the court also travelled around

Yet it was kept at a distance from HVII

Government

What was HVII’s council like?

HVII preferred to have men of ability in his council over men of nobility e.g. John Morton was a trained lawyer and became chancellor and Archbishop of Cantenbury

Government

What did HVII set up to strengthen the authority of the crown in Wales

The council of Wales ran by Jasper Tudor

Government

What did HVII set up to strengthen the authority of the crown in the North

The council of the North, at first ran by the earl of Northumberland, then replaced by the earl of surrey

Who were JP’s and why were they important

Local government in charge of maintaining public order

Appointed annually from local landowners - gave them social standing in that area

Met 4x a year in the county town

more likely to obey Henry as he gave them power and responsibilities

By 1495, JP’s could decide on all offences except murder

Trade

What did the Intercursus malus allow for?

Gave english merchants priviledges in Burgundy

Trade

When did France impose restrictions on trade due to HVII supporting Britany’s independence

1487

Trade

When was the Treaty of etaples

1492

Trade

What did the treaty of Etaples mean for trade?

France and Britain agree to reduce restrictions on trade

Trade

When did france end all restrictions on english trade

1495

Trade

When was the intercursus Malus agreed upon?

1506

Trade

In what year did Henry ban all trade with Burgundy due to their support of Warbeck

1493

Trade

What did the Navigation acts allow for

Hanseatic league got weaker in England

British ships had to be used before foreign ships

Wines from France only transported in British ships

Trade

What did the intercursus magnus allow?

English merchants can trade freely with all parts of Burgundy except flanders

Trade

When did the navigation acts happen?

1485-86

Trade

When was a specific cloth trade regulation put in place?

1489

Trade

What did the cloth trade 1489 forbid?

Illegal for foreigners to but English wool until the english are satisfied

Foreigners cant buy wool to manufacture outside England

Foreigners forced to but cloth, more expensive and gives the english more jobs

Trade

What are the effects of the cloth trade 1489

By the end of the reign:

exports of wool = 30% lower

exports of finished cloth = 60% higher

Trade

When was the agreement of Intercursus Magnus

1496

After Burgundy’s support of Warbeck was withdrawn

Rebellions

When was the Lovell rebellion?

1486

Rebellions

What were the causes, the government response and consequences of the Lovell rebellion

Franis Lovell escaped Bosworth and fled into sanctuary along with Humphrey and Thomas stafford

Staffords were arrested, Humphrey executed and thomas spared

Lovell’s forces were crushed and he fled to burgundy

Consequence - HVII changed the laws of sanctuary- now impossible to plead it in treason cases

Rebellions

When was the Lambert Simnel rebellion

1486-87

Rebellions

What were the causes, government response and consequences of the Lambert Simnel rebellion?

Richard Symmonds taught Simnel to claim he was the earl of Warwick and with the help of Yorkist lords in Ireland who saw HVII as illegitimate, Simnel was proclaimed King Edward VI

HVII immediately produced the real earl of Warwick who was in the tower and paraded him through London

Rebels were defeated at the battle of Stoke - Margaret of Burgundy sent 2,000 soldiers to help but HVII quickly won

Consequence- Didnt kill simnel, let him work in his kitchens

Rebellions

When was the Yorkshire rebellion?

1489

Rebellions

What were the causes, government response and consequences of the Yorkshire rebellion?

Many men in Northumberland and Yorkshire believed that they already paid for the defence of the realm through local taxes

HVII sent an army to the North led by Earl of surrey and John a Chambre was hung for treason at York

Consequences- HVII saw that raising taxes from that area could cause rebellion and so he never did it here again

Rebellions

When was Perkin Warbeck being a threat to HVII

1471-99

Rebellions

What were the causes, Government response and consequence of Perkin Warbeck being a nuisance

Claimed he was Richard Duke of York, Yorkist supporters like Margaret supported him, Charles VIII recognised Warbecks claims and welcomed him

Countries like ireland rejected him from their country and through HVII making deals with France, Scotland etc it meant support for him decreased and caused him to flee (trade ban with Burgundy, Treaty of Etaples etc)

Arrested in 1498 and executed in 1499

consequence- paranoia as he executed Warwick and Warbeck just on suspicion of conspiring

Rebellions

When was the cornish rebellion

1497

Rebellions

what were the causes, government response and consequence of the Cornish rebellion

attempts to raise tax in Cornwall for a war against scotland in retaliation of scotlands support of warbeck

There were many poor people just about scraping by and so they werent very happy with these taxes.

King sent Lord Daubeney with 8,000 kings men to defeat rebels anf it was all suppressed in a battle where the leaders were executed

consequence- HVII realised he had to shift to diplomacy towards James IV of scotland. This is a turning point because he engaged in diplomacy with many other countries after this

Rebellions

When was the Edmund de la pole rebellion

1497

Rebellions

What were the causes, government response and consequences of the Edmund De La Pole rebellion

His family were previously very active against HVII. For his brothers part in a rebellion he was punished heavily - £5,000 just to inherit some of his dads land. He called himself the ‘white rose’

HVII immediately ordered emergency ordered for his arrest. When he fled again HVII gave Maxmillian £10,000 but max never returned De La Pole

Treaty of Windsor meant that he had to be brought back and then was later executed.

Consequence- HVII continued to use money/diplomacy as a way to get what he wanted