APUSH Period 3 Spaced Repetition

French and Indian War Fighters

British vs French + Indian Allies

Seven Years War

Global conflict between England and France, underlying cause of the war

French Indian War Causes

British colonists were stepping on land in the Ohio River Valley owned by France, then French took control on a British post in Pennsylvania called Fort Duquesne. Both sides led forces for control over this post; TERRITORIAL DISPUTES

Albany Plan

Proposed by Benjamin Franklin but was rejected, served as a blueprint for the Revolutionary Congress; Develop a council to solve matters

Why did Indians Ally

Maintaining some control over their lands meant the Europeans had to be fighting each other

British Implementations during the Seven Years War

1. Increased impressment of colonists to join navy

2. Quartered troops in colonists’ home

Peace of Paris Effects

1. Spain gave Florida to British

2. France lost all land in North America, gave to Spain

3. Land east of Ohio River Valley gave to British

Effects of French and Indian War

1. Colonists began to push westward, intensified tensions

2. Proclamation of 1763 (no more west) colonists moved west anyways since they thought that war was fought on their soil and used their blood so they were obligated to

3. British was in serious debt, Parliament began to tax colonists

George Grenville’s Plan

1. Stricter enforcement of current laws (Navigation Acts)

2. Extend wartime provisions into peacetime

3. Quartering Act of 1765 - British soldiers stationed in colonies, colonists provide food and housing

Sugar Act

Taxes on coffee wine, luxury taxes, enforced taxes on molasses

Stamp Act of 1765 and Currency Act

Taxed all paper items; Currency Act forbade colonists from printing their own money

Taxation without Representation

Colonists were mad because they were getting taxed, but also because they had no representation in Parliament, fueled by ideas from the Enlightenment

Stamp Act Congress

27 Delegates wanted to petition to repeal the Stamp Act in 1765, still swore loyalty to Britain; Britain repealed Stamp and Sugar Act but passed Declaratory Act stating Parliament could pass anything they wanted

Townshend Acts

Taxes on items that were imported in the colonies; Colonists were all united to participate in the boycott of these goods

Boston Massacre

Young men harassed soldiers in Boston in 1770, someone shot a gun and soldiers also did and shot 11 colonists, killed 4

Boston Tea Party 1773

Tea Act taxed tea, colonists dumped 45 tons of British tea in the seas.

Intolerable Acts

4 laws passed by Parliament to punish colonists for the Boston Tea Party

First Continental Congress of 1774

Delegate from every colony met up; they all agreed colonists needed to resist; did not want to revolt yet and wanted to negotiate

John Locke

Power of government exists with the power of people; natural rights of liberty, life, property; self rule

Montesquieu

3 branches of government; checks and balances

Common Sense

Thomas Paine strongly advocated for independence, influenced lots and lots of common colonists in the public

Second Continental Congress 1776

Jefferson made Declaration of Independence, colonists wanted independence now

How did America win the war?

1. Tire the British War

2. Battle of Saratoga 1777, turning point; after this French allied with America

3. Spain and Holland entered the War too

Battle of Yorktown 1781

America forced Britain to surrender

Paris Peace Treaty

Britain recognizes America’s independence, war was officially over

Republican Motherhood

Women during the Revolution got a taste of freedom, stated that women need to be educated and have more rights and stuff

Articles of Confederation

First US Constitution; placed power in legislative branch; no president or supreme court

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Abolished slavery in northwest; western territories could get a population and apply for statehood; best thing in AOC

Shaye’s Rebellion

Farmers were in debt and poor, Daniel Shaye’s gathered militia headed to arsenal to arm themselves; Recognized a need for a president and how weak the AOC was

Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia

Discuss representation in the new federal government, draft new Constitution; Federalists and Antifederalists; Added a bill of rights and ratified constitution

Virginia Plan

2 houses in congress, strong centralized state; State representation based on population

New Jersey Plan

One house in congress, every state had equal representation

Great Compromise

2 houses; house of representatives based on population; senate each state has two votes

3/5ths Compromise

3/5ths of the enslaved population added to population for representation

House of Representatives

1. Elected by people

2. 2 year terms

Senate

1. Elected by state legislature

2. 6 year terms

Federalists

1. Federalist Papers - Hamilton, Madison, Jay wanted to convince the public to ratify the constitution

2. Wanted strong central government'

3. Favored urban and elite interests

Anti-Federalists

1. No ratify constitution because it does not have enough power in the states and there was no bill of rights

2. States right

3. Favored farmers interests

Federalism and Separation of Powers

1. Sharing of power between national and state government

2. Executive (enforcing laws) Legislative (making laws) Judicial (interpreting laws) checks and balances

Alexander Hamilton

Wanted to establish a national bank to unify the states and improve the US credit

Proclamation of Neutrality

Debate over going to help French with French Revolution; super neutral

Whiskey Rebellion 1794

Taxed whiskey; angry farmers attacked federal tax collectors; US army put down the rebellion; Constitution was doing its job

XYZ Affair

French kept seizing American ships; America went to negotiate but the 3 French demanded a bribe to sit down

Alien and Sedition Acts

1. Imprison or deport any non citizens

2. Illegal to publicly criticize the government

3. Made colonists mad

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

States had a right to nullify any laws if the legislature went beyond its rights