FNR 45300: Fish Physiology Exam 1

anaerobic

without oxygen

antifreeze proteins

peptides found in some species of fish that lower the freezing point

anaerobic

without oxygen

antifreeze proteins

peptides found in some species of fish that lower the freezing point

ATP

adenosine triphosphate, the primary energy source used in animals

behavioral thermoregulation

movement of aquatic animals to preferred temperatures

cartilage

resilient and smooth type of connective tissue

catabolism

breakdown of chemical compounds

channichthyidae

family of fishes lacking hemoglobin. blood appears white

density

mass per unit volume of a substance

enzyme

a substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms, regulating the rate at which chemical reactions proceed without itself being altered in the process. Most are proteins that bind to a substrate and generate a different compound.

futile cycling

movement of chemicals across permeable membranes with no net gain or loss on either side

heat capacity

cal/g/C, the amount of eat to be supplied to an object to produce a unit change in its temperature

hemoglobin

protein found in red blood cells responsible for binding and transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide

heterothermy

ability of some fishes to raise internal body temperature slightly above ambient

HMG-CoA reductase

enzyme responsible for the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis

homeoviscous adaptation

refers to the ability of cells to adjust membrane viscosity by changing cell membrane lipid compositions and unsaturation in response to environmental temperature shifts

musculoskeletal system

organ system that gives animals the ability to move using their muscular and skeletal systems`

myoglobin

protein responsible for transporting gases within muscle

neuromuscular system

a neuromuscular junction is a chemical synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber

osmolarity

total solute concentration within a specific volume of a solvent expressed in osmoles per liter (Osm/L) or milliosmoles per liter (mOsm/L)

poikilothremy

aka ectothermic, inability to regulate internal body temperature above ambient temperatures

Q₁₀

the rate at which the speed of a reaction changes for each 10 C change in temperatures

RBC

red blood cell, responsible for gas transportation in blood

Superior rectus muscle

muscle in the eye of some fish that generates heat

thermal conductivity

ability to conduct heat

viscosity

measure of resistance to deformation at a given rate. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of “thickness”: for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water