cells and systems

I love science and i will pass this time🥰🥰🥰

characteristics of living

1. made up of cells

2. take in nutrients

3. uses energy

4. responds and adapts to the environment

5. reproduces

6. grows and develops

7. produces waste

structure

body part that helps organisms achieve certain task

function

job or task a body part is meant to preform

organs

• preform particular functions

• each made out of several tissues that work together

• form system to preform activities that help plants and animals function

plant organs

• roots

• stem

• leaves

human body systems

• digestive

• circulatory

• excretory

• respiratory

• nervous

organism process thing

cells → tissue → organ → organ system → organism

specialized cells

made for specific function

tissues

groups of similar cells

tissue examples

• muscle tissue (moves parts of body)

• epithelial tissue / skin (protects outside of body and covers internal structures)

• connective tissue / bone (connects and supports body. May be solid like bone or liquid like blood)

• nerve tissue (carries signal between brain and other body parts)

cell

• basic building block of life

• smallest unit of life

animal cell

nucleus, mitochondria, cell membrane, vacuoles, cytoplasm

plant cell

nucleus, mitochondria, cell membrane, vacuoles, cytoplasm, cell wall, chloroplasts

nucleus

• command system

• contains cell’s dna

mitochondria

powerhouse (chemical reaction that converts energy into a form it can use)

cell membrane

gateway (thin layer that lets things in or out of cell)

vacuoles

• storage room (stores things water)

• plant cells = big vacuoles

• animal cells = small vacuoles

cytoplasm

• the material all around the organelles

• contains nutrients for cell

cell wall

• frame (outside layer around cell)

• provides strength and support

• only in plant cells

chloroplasts

• place where photosynthesis happens

• only in plant cells

diffusion

movement of particles from more concentrated area to less concentrated area

concentration gradient

difference in concentration

osmosis

diffusion in selective permeable membrane

selectively permeable

certain substances can come in and out but not everything can diffuse

permeable

to move in or out

impermeable

can’t move in or out

arm

support when carried

base

to hold up microscope/bottom part

body

connects eyepiece to objective

coarse adjustment knob

• moves stage up and down

• helps get specimen into view

diaphragm

helps adjust amount of light that reaches specimen

eyepiece

• allows you to view image on stage

• contains ocular lens

fine adjustment knob

moves stage slightly to help sharpen view/fine tunes your view of the specimen

mirrors / light

projects light upwards so you can see the specimen

nosepiece

• holds objective lens

• able to rotate to change magnification

objective lenses

• on nosepiece

• range from low to high power

stage

supports slide being viewed

stage clips

holds slide in place on stage