Plant diseases caused by Virus

Zoospores

Zoospores

________ enter into the epidermal cell of the tuber via amoeboid way by making pore.

Transmission

________- Infection in tubers takes place during the spring season.

internal symptom

The ________ is phloem necrosis and ultimately plant die.

Symptom

________- There are extreme reductions in the size of leaves and nodes of the infected plant.

Pathogen

________ perpetuates by oospores lying in the remains decaying part of the diseased plant, which germinate and infect new plant during the favorable condition.

life cycle

The ________ is completed in five stages Uredospore stage Teleutospore stage Basidiospore stage Pycnidiospore stage Aeciospores stage Among these 1- 3 stages are on the primary host (Triticum aestivum) and 4- 5 stages are the alternate host (Beberis vulgaris)

Mycoplasmal disease

________ in Plants Little leaf of brinjal Causal organism- Causal organism is mycoplasma, which is spherical to oval in shape.

Bacterial Diseases

________ in Plants Citrus canker Causal organism- Xanthomonas citri Symptom- The disease affects mostly leaves, twigs, thorn, and fruits, but also affect all above the ground parts of the plant.

Infection

________ in tuber cause change in color of pulp to brown and texture become corky.

Fungal diseases

________ in Plants Wart Disease of potato Causal organism- Synchytrium endobioticum Symptom- Symptom mainly appears on the tuber of the potato in the form of dark brown warts.

Plants Leafroll

Plant diseases caused by Virus, Bacteria, Mycoplasma, Fungi Created with BioRender.com Viral diseases in ________ disease of potato Causal organism (pathogen)- Leafroll virus is also known as potato virus I or Solanum virus 14.

Transmission

________- The primary cause of infection is mycelium and conidia present in the dead and decaying parts of the plant that remain in the soil.

Symptom

________- Leaf curling, vein clearing, and size reduction are the main symptoms of the disease.

Transmission

________- Chlamydospores are carried to the healthy plants by wind, and grow on new plant and produce new mycelium Late Blight of potato Causal organism- Phytopthora infestans Symptom- Symptom appears on any part of plant petioles leaves and tubers.

Symptom

________- The main symptom is the reduction in the size of leaves and internodes of the Sandal plant (Santalum album)

Transmission

________ and damage- ________ takes place through the infected seed tuber and also by the insect vector.

Symptom

________- Mainly aerial parts are infected, earlier symptom is water- soaked lesions on the lower surface of cotyledons.

Transmission

________- Infection is through conidia on the debris of the diseased plant.

Symptom

________- Main symptom disease is vein clearing, followed by veinal chlorosis of leaves.

Transmission

________- The main source of transmission is the infected tuber.

Transmission

________- No mechanical transmission occurs during grafting, the main insect vector is whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)

Plant diseases caused by Virus, Bacteria, Mycoplasma, Fungi Created with BioRender.com Viral diseases in Plants Leafroll disease of potato Causal organism (pathogen)

Leafroll virus is also known as potato virus I or Solanum virus 14

Symptom

The first symptom of this disease is the rolling of the leaf margin

Transmission and damage

Transmission takes place through the infected seed tuber and also by the insect vector

Leaf curl of papaya Causal organism

Tobacco virus-16 or Nicotiana virus-10

Symptom

Leaf curling, vein clearing, and size reduction are the main symptoms of the disease

Transmission

No mechanical transmission occurs during grafting, the main insect vector is whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)

Yellow vein mosaic of bhindi Causal organism

Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (YVMV) or Hibiscus virus-I

Symptom

Main symptom disease is vein clearing, followed by veinal chlorosis of leaves

Transmission

The virus is transmitted in nature by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and perhaps also by bhindi leaf-hopper (Empoasca devastans)

Transmission

Infected part of the plant is the main source of inoculum

Causal organism

Xanthomonas malvacearum

Symptom

Mainly aerial parts are infected, earlier symptom is water-soaked lesions on the lower surface of cotyledons

Transmission

Transmission takes place through seed so primary infection is through seeds

Symptom

Symptom mainly appears on the leaf in August month

Transmission

Main sources of the primary infection are disease stubbles and seeds, and secondary infection takes place through wound and stomata

Mycoplasmal disease in Plants Little leaf of brinjal Causal organism

Causal organism is mycoplasma, which is spherical to oval in shape

Symptom

There are extreme reductions in the size of leaves and nodes of the infected plant

Transmission

Transmission takes place through graft and also by a vector, Cestius phycitis

Sandal spike Causal organism

Disease is caused by the mycoplasma-like body (M.L.B.)

Symptom

The main symptom is the reduction in the size of leaves and internodes of the Sandal plant (Santalum album)

Transmission

Transmission is through root contact and insect-vector like Moonia albimaculata, Nephotettix virescence

Transmission

Infection in tubers takes place during the spring season

Transmission

It is soil born disease

Transmission

The main source of transmission is the infected tuber

Tikka disease of groundnut Causal organism

Cercospora personata & Cercosporum arachidicola both mostly occurs on the same twig and Mycosphaerella berkeleyii and M. arachidicola

Symptom

Symptom produce by both fungi differ in shape and size and color

Transmission

Infection is through conidia on the debris of the diseased plant

Transmission

Main cause of infection is the cultivation of diseased cane

Transmission

The primary cause of infection is mycelium and conidia present in the dead and decaying parts of the plant that remain in the soil

On the aerial part of the plant black rust appear Transmission

This pathogen has an intermediate host Berberis leaf