AP World History Unit 1 Review

Vocabulary flashcards for AP World History Unit 1 derived from a lecture transcript.

State

A territory politically organized under a single government.

Song Dynasty

Chinese dynasty in power from 960 to 1279 known for state-building efforts.

Confucianism

A philosophy that defined Chinese culture and was emphasized by the Song Dynasty.

Neo-Confucianism

A revival of Confucianism during the Song Dynasty that sought to rid Confucian thought of Buddhist influence.

Filial Piety

An idea that emphasized the necessity and virtue of children obeying and honoring their parents, grandparents, and ancestors.

Imperial Bureaucracy

A government entity arranged in a hierarchical fashion that carries out the will of the emperor.

Civil Service Examination

An exam based on Confucian classics that eligible men had to pass to get a job in the bureaucracy.

Four Noble Truths

The central teachings of Buddhism: life is suffering; suffering is caused by craving; suffering can cease when craving ceases; the way to cease craving is to live a moral life according to the Eightfold Path.

Reincarnation

The cycle of death and rebirth shared by Buddhism and Hinduism.

Nirvana

The ultimate goal in Buddhism, which is to dissolve into the oneness of the universe.

Theravada Buddhism

A branch of Buddhism that confined the practice to monks and monasteries, common in Sri Lanka.

Mahayana Buddhism

A branch of Buddhism that encouraged broader participation in Buddhist practices and helping others reach enlightenment, common in East Asia.

Commercialization

The process where manufacturers and artisans produce more goods than they consume and sell the excess in markets.

Champa Rice

A strand of rice introduced to China from the Champa Kingdom that matured early, resisted drought, and could be harvested multiple times a year.

Dar al-Islam

Translated as the 'house of Islam,' referring to all the places in the world where Islamic faith was the organizing principle of civilizations.

Monotheistic

Believing in one God, as in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Sharia Law

A legal code based on the Quran.

House of Wisdom

A library in Baghdad with scholarly works established under the Abbasid Empire during the Golden Age of Islam.

Sufis

A new sect of Islam that emphasized mystical experience and was more open to adapting to local beliefs.

Bhakti Movement

An innovation on traditional polytheistic Hinduism that emphasized devotion to one of the Hindu gods.

Tribute States

Conquered people were required to provide labor for the Aztecs and regular contributions of goods like food, animals, and building materials, etc.

Mita System

The Incas adopted the Mita system, which required all people under their rule to provide labor on state projects like large state farms, mining, military service, or state construction projects, or whatever.

Feudalism

A system whereby powerful lords and kings gained allegiance from lesser lords and kings. The vassals received land from their lords in exchange for military service.

Manorialism

A system where a manor is a huge piece of land owned by a lord, which was then rented out to peasants who worked the land.

Serfs

Working peasants that were bound to the land of those powerful landowners, and they lived there and worked there in exchange for the lord's protection.