Cell Theory and Organelles Quiz

Prokaryotic

No nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, binary fission division, unicellular, cell walls made of peptidoglycan, ex. bacteria

Eukaryotic

Has Nucleus, has membrane bound organelles, division through mitosis, uni- or multicullular, only fungi and plants have cell walls made of chitin or cellulose. Ex. animals, plants, fungi, protists

All cells have

genetic material, Cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes

Organeles

Specialized structures within the cell that work to help the cell function. MAKE PROTEINS

Cell (Plasma) membrane

Structure: Surrounds outside of all cell, made of two layers

Job: Controls what goes in and out

Phospholipid bilayer

2 layers of fat, proteins embedded for transport, carbs embedded for structure, called fluid mosaic model

Cytoskeleton

Structure: Fibers, made of proteins, not pictured in cell diagram

Job: Give the cell shape, move organelles, provide structural support for animal cells

Cytoplasm

Structure: Jell-like substance, made up of mainly water

Job: Holds everything in place

Nucleus

Structure: Contains genetic material, surrounded by nuclear membrane

Job: protects the DNA

Nucleolus

Strucure: inside of the nucleus

Job: Makes rRNA which makes up ribosomes

Ribosomes

Structure: made of proteins and rRNA, located on Rough ER and in cytoplasm

Job: make proteins

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Structure: has ribosomes on surface, hugs nucleus

Job: make proteins, packages them

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Structure: No ribosomes on surface, attacked to rough Er

Job: Make lipids

Golgi Apparatus

Structure: folded membrane

Job: Gets vesicles of protein from ER, processes, sports, and ships proteins where needed

Lysosomes(ANIMAL CELLS ONLY)

Structure: contain enzymes

Job: break down dead stuff, do programmed cell death

Vacuoles

Structure: smaller and numerous in animal cells, one large central in plant cells

Job: storage 

Centrioles (ANIMAL CELL ONLY)

Structure:made of microtubules, 2 centrioles together

Job: Appear during cell division, help cell divide by pulling chromosomes apart

Cilia and Flagella

Structure: cilia- shorter more numberous, flagella- longer and fewer

Job: cilia- move fluid across cells surface flagella- move entire cell through extracellular fluid

Mitochondria

Structure: two parts, inner membrane and matrix

Job: where cellular respiration happens, “powerhouse” of the cell

Chloroplast (PLANT CELL ONLY)

Structure: two parts, grana and stroma

Job: where photosynthesis happens, converts energy to chemical energy in sugar

Cell wall (PLANT AND FUNGI ONLY)

Structure: made of celluose in plants, chitin in fungi and peptidoglycan in bacteria

Job: protect and maintain shape

Central Vacuole (PLANT ONLY)

Structure: 1 massive central structure

Job: storage center