Unit 8 AP WHAP Industrial Revolution

What is the significance of the Industrial Revolutions?

They are times of significant technological innovation resulting in increased production.

Name two types of technology that emerged from the Industrial Revolution.

Machine tools and steam power.

What is the Sinosphere?

A sphere of cultural influence that includes China and its surrounding regions.

What characterized the first wave of the Industrial Revolution?

An emphasis on machine tools and steam power.

What is the Second Industrial Revolution known for?

It emphasizes mass production, steel, and electricity.

What was the Bessemer Process?

A new method of steel production that made heavy industry production cheap and affordable.

What advancements were made in chemicals during the Industrial Revolution?

Developments in plastics, synthetic dyes, and fertilizers for agriculture.

How did steamships impact transportation?

They were crucial for transporting people and played a key role in naval dominance.

What was the purpose of the telegraph?

To send long-distance messages using Morse code.

What is the role of assembly lines in production?

They allow multiple people to work on the same complex product rapidly, enhancing specialization.

How did electricity change homes and industries?

It enabled mass lighting, convenient heating and cooling, and revolutionized transportation.

What was the impact of petroleum refining?

It allowed for the development of oil as a reliable energy source.

Why was rubber important during the Industrial Revolution?

It became vital for creating the first telephones and automobiles.

Which countries led the Second Industrial Revolution?

Britain, America, and Germany.

What was Britain's role in the First Industrial Revolution?

Britain led the world in textile production and developed extensive infrastructure.

Who was Queen Victoria?

An iconic monarch of the British Empire during its Industrial height, symbolizing Britain's imperial ambitions.

How did the United States benefit during the Industrial Revolution?

It had a massive, cheap workforce from immigration and abundant resources.

Who was Andrew Carnegie?

A railroad tycoon and philanthropist who became one of the richest capitalists in American history.

What was the outcome of the Napoleonic Wars for Germany?

The Holy Roman Empire was dissolved, leading to the unification of Germany.

Who was Otto von Bismarck?

The military genius and leader of German unification who orchestrated wars against France and Austria.

What is imperialism in the context of the Industrial Revolution?

The process by which industrial powers sought new resources from non-industrialized societies.

What is the significance of the term 'robber barons'?

It refers to wealthy and powerful industrialists, like Andrew Carnegie, during the Gilded Age.

What were the socio-economic consequences of the Industrial Revolution?

It led to massive economic growth, urbanization, and changes in labor dynamics.

What was the role of the railroads in the United States during the Industrial Revolution?

They facilitated the transport of goods and people, contributing to industrial growth.

What was the primary socio-economic consequence of the Industrial Revolution in Europe?

Mass poverty from urbanization and unstable governments.

What technological advancements facilitated movement during the Industrial Revolution?

Steamships and railroads.

What poem frames the United States as a welcoming place for immigrants?

The New Colossus.

Who wrote 'The New Colossus'?

An Italian Jewish immigrant.

What did the United States offer to European immigrants besides political rights?

Cheap and profitable land due to territorial expansion.

Which countries were secondary destinations for European immigrants after the USA?

Brazil and Argentina.

What are Cultural Enclaves?

Communities formed by immigrants of the same cultural background in major cities.

Which two immigrant groups formed significant Cultural Enclaves on the Eastern Coast of the USA?

Italian and Irish immigrants.

What was a common reaction among Americans to the influx of immigrants?

Nativism, characterized by racism and prioritizing 'real' Americans.

What accusation did Nativists make against immigrants?

That they were stealing jobs by accepting lower pay.

What racial tensions arose in the United States due to immigration?

Decades of violence and persecution against immigrants.

What was the focus of Unit 8 in the curriculum?

The Industrial Revolution and its socio-economic consequences.

What spheres of cultural influence were discussed in the earlier units?

Sinosphere, Mediterranean, Indosphere, Russosphere, and Dar al-Islam.

What historical events sparked Atlantic Revolutions according to the curriculum?

Liberalism.

What was the impact of the Mongol Empire on later cultures?

It led to the resurgence of cultures and the establishment of Gunpowder Empires.

What were the major themes of Units 2 and 3?

The Medieval Era, Mongols, Muslims, and Trade.

What is the significance of the Statue of Liberty in relation to immigration?

It symbolizes the United States as a beacon of liberty for immigrants.

What were the main tensions in Europe during the Industrial Revolution?

Tensions between Monarchists, Liberals, Socialists, and Communists.

What did immigrants often seek when forming Cultural Enclaves?

Community and support from others of the same cultural background.

What is the role of the 'Exit Ticket' in analyzing a document?

To summarize key details such as the author, location, date, and main message.

What should be included in the analysis of a historical document?

Context, intended audience, author's purpose, and potential biases.

Nationalism

A political philosophy that presents a new way to unite governments and regions that replaced the old Feudal organization.

Nation-States

Governments whose rule are justified based on representing a specific culture.

Self Determination

The idea that your culture has a distinct identity that deserves to represent itself in its own government.

Supremacy

The idea that your culture and country is superior to others.

Abolitionism

Advocated the end of slavery and was comprised of two main groups.

Moral Abolitionism

Those opposed to slavery on the ground of the practice being unethical and morally wrong.

Economic Abolitionism

Industrialists who say slavery is a backwards, inefficient system that should be replaced with Industrial Capitalism.

Feminism

A political philosophy that advocated for equal rights between men and women.

Women's Suffrage

The most important and central goal for feminists globally.

Capitalism

An economic system where individuals should be allowed to own as much Private Property as they want and be encouraged to amass wealth.

Free Markets

All goods and services (with a few exceptions) should be allowed to be bought and sold without restriction.

Wage Labor

Labor is bought and sold in the free market, with the expectation for people to earn a wage by doing work for a capitalist.

Effect of Capitalism

Capitalism rose alongside the Industrial Revolution, allowing a new capitalist class to gain wealth.

Trade Unions

Organized groups of workers who seek to collectively bargain for better working conditions.

Strikes

When pressed, Unions will strike, disrupting the factory by refusing to work, sitting-in, and protesting.

Reformism

Advocated for new legislature to regulate industries in response to the worst tendencies of unregulated capitalism.

Karl Marx

Perhaps the world's most influential philosopher, opposed capitalism and is accredited for being the father of Communism.

Class Conflict

A process known by Marx where every stage of human history advances due to the tension between social classes.

Communism

A political ideology that advocates for the removal of currency, social classes, private property, and government.

Marxist Communism

Argues that society should first establish a Socialist State through a revolution.

Collective Property

Marx argued for this during the Socialist State phase before the state would dissolve.

Stateless Society

The end goal of Communism, where society is moneyless and classless.

What was the primary focus of Unit 1 in the study material?

Several spheres of cultural influence including the Sinosphere, Mediterranean, Indosphere, and others.

What major empires were discussed in Units 2 and 3?

The Mongol Empire, Muslims, and Trade.

What cultural resurgence was highlighted in Units 4 and 5?

The Resurgence of cultures and the Gunpowder Empires resulting from the Mongol legacy.

What significant events were studied in Unit 7?

Liberalism sparked Atlantic Revolutions including the French Revolution, American Revolution, and others.

What is the focus of Unit 8 in the study material?

The Industrial Revolution and its socio-economic consequences.

What are the types of property discussed in the notes?

Personal Property, Private Property, Government Property, Common Property, Public Property, and Collective Property.

What is Personal Property?

Property owned by an individual for individual use.

What distinguishes Private Property?

Property owned by an individual or corporation for profit.

What is Government Property?

Property owned by the government for government use.

Define Common Property.

Property owned by nobody and used by everybody.

What is Public Property?

Property owned by the government and used by everybody.

What is Collective Property?

Property owned by a collective, usually a group of workers, operated by the collective.

What was the Cottage System?

An old system for goods production where goods were produced by skilled artisans in villages.

What was the Enclosure Movement?

A movement where manorial lords began to create hedges/fences around their land, leading to privatization.

What role did new technology play in the Industrial Revolution?

New technologies helped produce goods more efficiently, such as the Seed Drill which increased agricultural production.

What is Industrialization?

The process of a country undergoing wide-scale economic development with modern technology.

What is the Factory System?

A new system for goods production where goods are made by hundreds of unskilled workers in a cramped room.

What are the benefits of Industrialism?

Faster production of goods, higher quantities, better quality, and increased market availability.

What are some downsides of Industrialism?

Pollution, poor working conditions, high mortality rates, and inequality.

How did Industrialism affect population growth?

It led to the biggest global increase in population in history.

What is urbanization in the context of the Industrial Revolution?

The movement of people to large cities to find work in factories.

What does 'Rapid Change' refer to in the notes?

The spread of new technologies, ideas, and political concepts to more people.