AP HuG Final Exam Vocabulary

Agglomeration

Clustering of industries for mutual benefit

Antecedent boundary

Boundary established before the area is populated

Break-of-Bulk points

Locations where goods are transferred from one mode of transport to another

Bulk-Gaining Industry

Industry that gains weight during production

Cartogram map

Map where thematic mapping variable is substituted for land area

Central Place Theory

Theory explaining distribution of services in a region

Circulation

Short-term, repetitive movements within a region

Combine

Machine used in agriculture for harvesting grain crops

Commercial Agriculture

Large-scale production of crops for sale

Core countries

Industrialized countries with high levels of development

Cottage industry

Small-scale industry carried out at home

Cumulative Causation

Economic growth leading to further growth

Deglomeration

Process of industrial deconcentration in response to technological advances

Denomination

Religious subgroup

Devolution

Transfer of power from a central government to subnational levels

Distribution

Arrangement of features in space

Ethnic religion

Religion associated with a particular ethnic group

Exclusive Economic Zone

Sea zone where a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources

Feedlot

Confined area for the controlled feeding of livestock

Fordist production

Mass production system based on assembly-line techniques

Formal region

Region with a shared trait or characteristic

Functional region

Region organized around a focal point

Geopolitics

Study of the effects of geography on politics

GMOs

Genetically modified organisms

Gravity model

Predicts interaction between places based on population size and distance

Heartland theory

Proposes that land-based power was essential in achieving global domination

Hinduism

Major religious and cultural tradition of South Asia

Infrastructure

Basic physical and organizational structures and facilities

Intervening Obstacles

Factors that hinder migration

Intraregional migration

Movement within one region

Landlocked state

State with no direct access to the sea

International Law of the Sea

Law governing the rights and responsibilities of states in their use of the world's oceans

Least Cost Theory

Theory that states companies will locate where they can minimize costs

Maquiladoras

Factories in Mexico that assemble imported materials into finished goods for export

Median-line principle

Principle for dividing and creating boundaries in the ocean

Megacity

City with over 10 million inhabitants

Mental maps

Maps individuals create in their minds based on their experiences

Metacity

City with over 20 million inhabitants

Missionary

Individual who helps to diffuse a universalizing religion

Monotheism

Belief in one god

Multiple Nuclei model

Model of urban structure with multiple centers of development

NAFTA

North American Free Trade Agreement

New International Division of labor

Global economic system based on outsourcing of labor

Operational boundary dispute

Dispute over the legal language of a boundary

Outsourcing

Contracting work out to an external organization

Perceptual region

Region defined by popular feelings and images

Physical boundary

Boundary defined by natural features

Polytheism

Belief in multiple gods

Pull factor

Factor that attracts people to a new location

Push factor

Factor that drives people away from a location

Refugee

Person forced to leave their country to escape war, persecution, or disaster

Region

Area with common characteristics

Relict boundary

Former boundary that no longer functions as a boundary

Rimland theory

Proposes that power is derived from controlling strategic maritime areas

Scale

Representation of a real-world phenomenon at a certain level of reduction or generalization

Scales of Analysis

Different spatial levels used to analyze a phenomenon

Site factors

Factors related to the unique characteristics of a location

Southeast Asian City Model

Model showing the layout of cities in Southeast Asia

Sovereignty

Supreme power or authority within a territory

State

Political entity with defined boundaries and sovereignty

Supranationalism

Association of three or more states for mutual benefit

Sustainable Agriculture

Agricultural practices that preserve and enhance environmental quality

Syncretic

Blending of different beliefs into a new system

Tertiary sector

Sector of the economy providing services

Themes of Geography

Key themes used to organize geographical knowledge

Time-Space Compression

Reduction in time it takes for information to spread

Unitary state

State governed as a single power in which the central government is supreme

Universalizing Religion

Religion that seeks to convert all people

Voluntary migration

Movement of people by choice

Von Thunen's Model

Model explaining the location of agricultural activities

World City

City that plays a leading role in global economic systems

World Systems theory

Theory that explains the global economic system as a hierarchy of countries