3 - Human Development Before Birth

Germinal Period

\- starts at the time of conception, when the sperm and the egg combine to form a zygote

\- the zygote begins to divide in order to implant into the uterine wall, once it’s complete, the next stage begins

Fertilization

\- union of sperm cell and egg cell to form a new organism

Zygote

\- the fertilized egg after the union of gametes

Blastocyst

\- ball of cells that forms early during a pregnancy

Implantation

\- process that occurs after a fertilized egg travels down the fallopian tube and burrows deep into the lining of the uterus, where it remains until delivery

Corpus Luteum

\- gives nutrients to the fertilized egg in the Germinal Period

Mother

\- where the blastocyst gets its nutrients when it forms

Embryonic Stage

\- 2 weeks after conception

\- cell differentiation intensifies

\- life support systems for the embryo develops

\- organs appear

Villi

\- tiny projections of placental tissue that look like fingers and contain the same genetic material as the fetus; root-like structures of the placenta

Placenta

\- provides oxygen and nutrients to a growing baby

\- removes waste products form the baby’s blood

Umbilical Cord

\- carries oxygen and nutrients to the fetus and waste products away from the fetus

\- two arteries and one vein

Amniotic Sac

\- thin-walled sac that surrounds the fetus during pregnancy

Fetal Stage

\- 8 weeks after conception

3rd Month

\- when it’s now called a fetus

\- eyes, fingers, toes, and legs are developed

\- sucking of thumb

\- fetal heartbeat can be heard

\- movement of the fetus can be felt by the mother

4th Month

\- sex of the fetus can be determined

Ultrasound

\- imaging method that uses sound waves to produce images of structures within the body

\- diagnoses the causes f pain, swelling and infection in the body’s internal organs and to examine an unborn child in pregnant people

Week 8

\- major organs begin and limbs to form

Week 12

\- skin and nails form and internal organs start to develop

Week 21

\- hair forms on body and head, facial features are obvious

Week 32

\- brain grows rapidly, lungs continue to grow, bones on the head are soft

Birth

\- ninth month

\- babies naturally rotate

\- breaking of amniotic sac, the cervical canal will widen

Labor

\- muscular contractions of the uterus

Labor Stage

\- stage 1: cervix will widen and contractions in the uterus to push the baby out

Initial phase

\- cervix dilates to 3cm

Active phase

\- cervix dilates to 7-10 cm

Delivery

\- stage 2: baby starts to crown

Stage 3

\- placenta and umbilical cord is taken out

Pregnancy

\- term used to describe the period in which a fetus develops inside a person’s womb/uterus

Infertility

\- defined as not being able to get pregnant after one year of unprotected sex