Test 1: Topics - LA 111 (Spring 23)

What are the similarities between public speaking and conversation?

- Organizing your thoughts logically
- Tailoring your message to your audience
- Telling a story for maximum impact
- Adapting to listener feedback

What are the differences between public speaking (PS) and conversation?

- PS is more highly structured
- PS requires more formal language
- PS requires a different method of delivery

What are the characteristics of effective public speaking?

- eye contact
- clear voice/ can be heard
- organized thoughts
- enthusiasm
- ability to tell a story

What are the characteristics of ineffective public speaking?

- lack of preparation
- reading rather than speaking
- disorganized
- poor delivery
- not practicing

What is the significance of Cultural Diversity?

Being aware of different cultures/perspectives and avoiding ethnocentrism

What is the importance of ethics?

Must be aware of what is right and wrong, be an ethical speaker, make ethical decisions

What are the guidelines for ethical speaking?

- Ethical goals
-be fully prepared for each speech
- be honest in what you say
- avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language
- put ethical principles into practice

What are the guidelines for ethical listening?

- be courteous and attentive
- avoid prejudging the speaker
- maintain the free and open expression of ideas

Describe plagiarism in context of public speaking.

Paraphrasing in a way that claims someone else's idea as your own (Different Types: Global, Patchwork, Incremental)

How to organize a speech:

- introduction, body, conclusion
- chronological, topical, spatial order
- main points, transitions

How to choose a topic:

- topics you know a lot about
- topics you want to know more about
- brainstorming

general purpose

the broad goal of a speech

specific purpose

a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech

central idea

a one-sentence statement that sums up the major ideas of a speech

What are the three types of examples?

- examples (brief, extended, hypothetical)
- statistics
- testimony

expert testimony

testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields

peer testimony

testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic

What are the types of information speeches?

- objects
- process
- events
- concepts

What are the six guidelines for information speeches?

1. Don't overestimate what the audience knows.
2. Relate subject directly to the audience.
3. Don't be too technical
4. Avoid abstractions
5. Personalize your ideas
6. Be creative

What are the 5 basic patterns of organization for strategic order of main points?

1. chronological
2. spatial
3. causal
4. problem-solution
5. topical

What are the four connectives?

1) Transitions
2) Internal Previews
3) Internal Summaries
4) Signposts

What are the four objectives of an introduction?

1. Get attention/interest
2. Reveal the topic
3. Establish credibility
4. Preview the body of speech

What are tips to get the audience's interest in the intro?

- relate the topic to the audience
- state the importance of your topic
- startle the audience
- arouse curiosity
- question the audience
- begin with a quotation
- tell a story

What are the two major functions of the conclusion?

1. signal the end of the speech
2. reinforce the central idea