Stoichiometry Vocab

Acid- Base Reaction

Acid- Base Reaction

A type of double-replacement reaction; occurs when equal amounts of an acid are added to a base so that the acid and the base neutralize each other, forming water and salt the general equation is HX (acid) +MOH (base) →H2O (I) + MX (salt)

Actual Yield

A measured quantity of the actual amount of product produced during a chemical reaction

Combination Reaction

Also known as a synthesis reaction; when two or more reactants combine during a chemical change to create one product; the general equation is A + X → AX

Combustion Reaction

A reaction that is an oxidation process in which a compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and sometimes oxygen reacts with oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide gas and water; the general equations are CxHyOz →CO2 + H2O or CxHy + O2 → CO2 + H2O

Decomposition Reaction

A reaction in which a single compound on the reactant side breaks down into two or more products during a chemical change; the general equation is AX → A + X

Directly Proportional

A relationship between variables in which one variable increases as the other is increased and vice versa.

Double-Replacement Reaction

A chemical reaction where two compounds exchange chemical bonds to form two products with bonding properties similar to those of the reactants; the general equation is AX + BY → AY + BX

Excess Reagent

Any reactant that remains after the reactants in a chemical reaction have completely reacted

Inversely Proportional

A relationship between variables in which one variable decreases as the other increase and vice versa

Limiting Reactant

An reactant that is the first to be completely consumer in a chemical reaction, therefore limiting the amount of product that can be produced

Oxidation-Reduction Reaction

A chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons

Percent Yield

The ration of the actual yield to the theoretical yield for a chemical reaction, expressed as a percentage; shown as actual yield/ theoretical yield x 100

Precipitation Reaction

A reaction that results in the precipitation of a solid from a solution; the general equation is AX (aq) + BY (aq) →AY (aq) + BX (s)

Single-Replacement Reaction

A redox reaction where one element or ion in a compound is replaced by another element or ion; the general equation is A + BX → AX + B

Stoichiometry

The numerical relationships found in balanced chemical equations that relate the relative quantities of the substances taking part in a chemical reaction.

Theoretical Yield

A quantity that is calculated rather than measured; shows the theoretical amount of product that could be produced in an ideal chemical reaction in which there is a complete conversion of reactants to products.

Product

A substance that is present at the end of a chemical reaction

Reactant

The substances which participate in a chemical reaction

Mole Ratio

Is a ratio between the amounts in moles of any two compounds involved in a balanced chemical reaction

Dimension Analysis

The process of converting between units

Limiting Reagent

The reactant that gets consumed first in a chemical reaction and therefore limits how much product can be formed