OPB201 Summary

What is the role of optometry in Australia's health system?

Optometry plays a crucial role in team-based healthcare, providing primary care and managing eye diseases.

Define health according to WHO.

Health is defined by WHO as complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

What are the key influences on health?

Socioeconomic characteristics, culture, education, and individual behaviors are key influences on health.

What is primary eye care?

Primary eye care refers to the prevention and treatment of conditions that threaten eye integrity.

What were the main causes of vision impairment in Australia according to the National Eye Health Survey 2016?

The main causes were uncorrected refractive error and cataracts.

What is reflective practice in optometry?

Reflective practice involves learning from experiences and thinking critically about professional practice.

List some key employability skills for optometry.

Communication, teamwork, problem-solving, initiative, self-management, and technology adaptability.

What does the PICO framework help with?

The PICO framework assists in formulating clinical questions related to Patient/Problem, Intervention, Comparison/Control, and Outcome.

What is meant by cultural safety in healthcare?

Cultural safety focuses on the health provider's role and acknowledges the impact of personal and organizational culture on patient care.

What is the definition of plagiarism?

Plagiarism is representing another's ideas or expressions as your own without proper acknowledgment.

What is the Hippocratic Oath principle related to patient care?

Beneficence: Striving to do good for each patient.

Define the visual pathway in the context of vision.

The visual pathway transmits visual sensations from the retina to the brain.

What are rods and cones responsible for in the duplex retina?

Rods are responsible for low light vision, while cones are responsible for bright light and color vision.

What are the advantages of binocular vision?

Enhanced depth perception and larger visual fields, providing redundant visual input.

What is visual acuity and how is it measured?

Visual acuity is the ability to resolve fine details, measured using standard charts like Snellen and logMAR.

Name the layers of the eye.

Outer fibrous layer (cornea and sclera), middle vascular layer (uveal tract), and inner neural layer (retina).

What is the role of the cornea in the eye?

The cornea is the outer layer that provides the primary optical power for the eye.

What are the main functions of the retina?

The retina processes visual information and converts light into neural signals.

What is the role of the lens in the eye?

The lens focuses light onto the retina, allowing for clear vision at various distances.

Describe the function of the iris in ocular anatomy.

The iris regulates the amount of light entering the eye by adjusting the size of the pupil.

What is the vitreous body and its significance?

The vitreous body is a gel-like substance that fills the eye, maintaining its shape and providing support.

Define the term ‘optic nerve’ in the context of vision.

The optic nerve transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.

What are the two types of light receptors in the retina?

The two types are rods, which detect low light, and cones, which detect color and bright light.

Explain what happens during the process of accommodation in the eye.

Accommodation is the eye's adjustment to focus on near or far objects, involving the lens changing shape.

What structures are involved in the drainage of the aqueous humor?

The trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal facilitate the drainage of aqueous humor from the anterior chamber.

What is the purpose of the conjunctiva?

The conjunctiva protects the outer surface of the eye and keeps it moist.

Describe the significance of the fovea centralis in vision.

The fovea centralis is the part of the retina responsible for sharp central vision and high

What is refraction in the context of vision?

Refraction is the bending of light as it passes through different media, crucial for focusing images on the retina.

Define the role of the choroid in the eye.

The choroid is the vascular layer between the retina and the sclera, supplying nutrients and oxygen to the retina.

What are the different types of vision testing methods?

Common vision testing methods include Snellen charts, logMAR charts, and subjective refraction.

Explain the significance of color vision and the types of color blindness.

Color vision enables the perception of colors; types of color blindness include red-green, blue-yellow, and total color blindness.

What is the function of phototransduction in the retina?

Phototransduction is the process by which photoreceptors convert light into electrical signals.

How does the eye adapt to changes in light conditions?

The eye adapts through the pupillary reflex and adjustments in photoreceptor sensitivity to light levels.

What is the function of the macula in the eye?

The macula is responsible for central vision and high acuity; it contains a high concentration of cones.

Describe the role of scotopic and photopic vision.

Scotopic vision refers to seeing in low light (rods), while photopic vision refers to seeing in bright light (cones).

What is the difference between myopia and hyperopia?

Myopia (nearsightedness) is difficulty seeing distant objects, while hyperopia (farsightedness) is difficulty seeing close objects.

Define intraocular pressure and its importance.

Intra