joint, muscles action, and common issues

Joints

• Fibrous – strong, immobile (ex: sutures of skull)

• Cartilaginous – slightly mobile (ex: cartilage discs between vertebrae)

• Synovial – 

  • variable motion (but typically a lot)

  • ends of bones have cartilage pads and exist in a container of fluid

connective tissues in joints

• Ligaments – connects bone to bone 

• Tendons – connects skeletal muscle to bone

joint movements

• Flexion – decreases the angle between 2 bones

• Extension – increases the angle between 2 bones

• And sometimes hyperextension, which increasing the angle past 180 degrees

other joint movements

• Abduction – movement away from midline

• Adduction – movement towards midline

• Rotation – rotation around longitudinal axis

• Dorsiflexion / Plantarflexion – stand on heels / tippy toes

• Supination / Pronation – patient position / radius rotated over ulna

arthritis

• Insane amounts of types/causes...

• General concept of most common forms of arthritis is degradation of cartilage at the joints

  • Without the “padding”, bones smash into each other, causing pain, physical damage, and decrease of mobility

  • can occur b/c age but can be hastened by various factors