History midterm CCP

Revolution

A big change in the way people live

Technology

Using scientific knowledge to create tools, machines, and processes

Samuel Morse

Develop the telegraph and Morse code

Thomas Edison

Invented the electric lightbulb and electric power stations

Alexander Graham Bell

Invented the talking Telegraph

Impact of electricity

Let people see better, get places faster, more efficient/safer

Refrigeration

Keeps food cold/not spoil as fast, add more things/safety

Telegraph/ telephone

Let’s us talk to people easier and quicker

Discovery of oil (Edwin Drake)

New cheaper and more efficient way to access oil/used to use minors and blubber

Transcontinental railroad

Train that went across the country

Impact of the transcontinental railroad

Big part of transportation to get places faster and buy things you didn’t have access to before

Bessemer process

Used to steal to build things stronger, durable, more flexible

Brooklyn Bridge

Abram Hewitt said that the Brooklyn bridge shows improvement so far and how we can advance in the future

Reasons for growth of big business

Social Darwinism, economies of scale, need a lot of property, trust, large pool of capital, vertical/horizontal consolidation, telegraph, communication, and intercontinental railroad/transportation

Robber barons

Greedy, exploit workers, unsanitary/dangerous working conditions, corruption

Captains of industry

Increase availability of goods for consumers, create jobs, being charitable with money, helped build modern industrialization

Monopolies

Single sellers in the market

Rockefeller

Captain of industry/ horizontal consolidation

Carnegie

Robber baron/ vertical consolidation

Horizontal consolidation

Create a trust, smaller company sells their stock to the board of directors at the larger company

Vertical consolidation

Buys the companies involved in all phases of product development/allows you to keep production cost down, lowers price, eliminates the competition

Laissez faire

Conservative point of view where the government takes their hands off the economy

Sherman antitrust act

outlawed monopolies and practices that restrained trade

Working conditions

Terrible conditions, unsafe, make very little, stressful

Homestead strike

Industrial lockout and straight between Strikerz in private security agents – Henry tried to cut wages – called in Pinkertons and resulted in a shoot out an anarchist tried to assassinate Henry

Haymarket

Workers asking for an eight hour workday – irrupt it through number of cities in anarchist join strikers – someone threw a bomb and shooting occurred on both sides – public thought unions equaled violence/radical ideas

Pullman strike

Workers the poor man had too much control over their lives – conditions worsened and workers were laid off in wages were cut – workers went on strike and plant shut down – the president how to send troops and the government limited to Union help for over 30 years

What were the big ideas of streaks

Public that the involvement of anarchist or bad in business owners try to stop and take away union/strikes

Gilded age

American society was marked by thin layer of gold but underneath that surface, there was rot like poverty and injustice

Important Statistic of the gilded age

1/10 of the American population possess nearly 9/10 of the nations wealth

Immigrant push factors

Economic factors like famine, poverty and political factors like oppression, war

Immigrant pull factors

Opportunities, freedom, religion

Ellis Island

Denied/accepted immigrant, families separated, physical exams

Chinese exclusion act

First significant law restricting immigration into the US – provided tenure band of Chinese immigrants to the United States

Gentlemens agreement

San Francisco school board segregate Japanese students but president Roosevelt intervenes

Nativism

A policy of favoring native inhabitants as opposed to immigrants

Current Chinese residents during Chinese exclusion act

Cannot become citizens – was extended multiple times, remains in effect with laws

Urbanization

The concentration of human populations into certain areas like farmers moving to the cities

Jacob Riis

Author who wrote how the other half lives talking about the poor – the main idea is that they live in horrible conditions in rundown areas

Tenements/slums

Barbell rooms, really tiny, horrible living conditions

Political corruption

Active government officials abusing their political power for private gain through bribery or other methods

Boss Tweed

American politician/political boss of Tammany Hall – he was stealing money from New York City’s taxpayers and was hiding it behind doing city projects

Political machines

Party organization that commands enough votes to maintain political and administrative control over an area

Jane Adams and hull house

Born a very wealthy girl with an education but wanted to help change the world so she created the whole house – people came to whole house if they didn’t have enough food, shoes, or lost their job, it was a safe place

Jim crow laws

Laws that in Forest or legalized racial segregation

Impact of Jim crow laws

Movement started by many African-Americans

Racial terror lynching

Violence to terrorize the community and was directed at entire African-American community, was terrorism

NAACP

Group that focused on the illegal problems/challenge racism/brought lawsuits to court

Ida wells

A journalist sat on exposing the truth, known for speaking about injustice/confronted powerful organizations to prove a point

Progressivism

A movement centered around solving the economic, political, social problems and achieving progress through reform

Underlying principles of progressivism

Big active government, war evils, power to the people

Democratic reforms

Reduce corruption/influence of wealthy, make government more accountable to the people

Primaries

Voters can’t select their parties candidates

17th amendment

Gave the people the power to choose their US senators

Referendum

Voters can vote on bills directly

Hepburn act

Intended to give power to the ICC to regulate railroad shipping rates

16th amendment

Take money from the rich and give it to the poor

Teddy Roosevelt trust buster

Good trust how to streamline business production/bad trust use their position to keep prices high

Workplace reforms

How child labor, minimum wage, Department of labor change things

TR and square deal

To compromise between workers and coal mine owners and that everyone had a equal opportunity

Coal miners strike

Demanded 20% wage increase and eight hour workday – Teddy Roosevelt Intervine and attempted to persuade the union with the promise of creating a commission

In the end they received a 10% wage increase in a nine hour workday

Welfare programs

Offers assistance to individuals and families in need

Pure food and drug act

Band interstate shipping of unpierced food and deliberate mislabeling of food and drugs

Meat inspection act

Required federal inspection of meat processing to ensure sanitary conditions

18th amendment

Prohibited the manufacturing and sale of liquor

Seneca falls convention

Elizabeth state in May the declaration and compared how colonist were treated by British to change on how women are equal to men

Anti-suffragist arguments

Women should be able to do what men do because they aren’t educated enough – women should only tend to children and the house/feminism is stupid and will destroy the nation

Tactics used to advance the suffrage movement

Civil disobedience, picketing, publishing/suggesting reforms, lobbying officers

Enduring debate

How much government regulation is necessary to safeguard citizens, workers, and the environment from power of large corporations

Socialism versus progressivism

The similarities of Socialism and progressivism or economic equality, public control over utilities, higher taxes the differences between them is reform versus revolution and regulate business activity versus end capitalism

Imperialism

An attempt by stronger nations to influence, control or dominate weaker nations politically, economically, and culturally, as a way to advance their own interests

Motivations for imperialism

Economic, nationalistic, militaristic, humanitarian

Why did the US declare war

Cuban revolution, economic interests

General weyler

Made reconstruction camps and Spain best general

Reconstruction camps

Cams that Cuban citizens were put in to stop them from helping rebels

Yellow press

Exaggeration of topics on the news to get people to read ( Hearst and Politzer)

Nationalism

New consciousness

De lome letter

Published letter from Spanish ambassador that said McKinley was weak and bidder for admiration from the crowd

Cuban rebellion

Against Spain, after 10 years major forms/economy collapse – rebels again in Spain sent army

USS Maine

Explosion sink the Maine public blame Spain

McKinley maid cartoon

The people in Congress want war and McKinley is fighting a losing battle

McKinley war message

We owe it to our citizens in Cuba to afford them their protection

Teller amendment

Henry Teller proposed amendment to US declaration of war against Spain which stated they would not take over Cuba

Why did some of you as a splendid little war

It was short and didn’t have mass casualties

Puerto Rico

After peace treaty between US in Spain it was given to US/still a US territory today

Cuba

Got independence

Platt amendment

Cannot enter for an agreements, US allowed to establish bases, US could intervene when necessary

Emilio Aguinaldo

Rebel leader who issued a proclamation

Philippine rebellion

Americans fought with great brutality Philippine rebels started the war

Policy of Benevolent assimilation

Absorbing foreign people into a new culture

Annexation debate

Anti-imperialist versus imperialists

Buffalo soldiers

African-American soldiers that had their own division

What does Main stand for

Militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism

U boat warfare

Submarines

British naval blockade

British blocked off ports so Germany couldn’t get supplies

Lusitania

British ship that was torpedoed by Germany killed many including Americans

Sussex pledge

Promise you boats would’ve warn boats before attacking

Zimmerman note

Offer that Germany made to Mexico to attack the US for a small bit of land

Wilson war message

World must be made safe for democracy

Wilson’s 14 points

Main purpose was to get nations to work together