ap hug 10.3 vocab

agribusiness

commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food processing industry through ownership by large corporation

chaff

husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing

combine

a machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field

crop rotation

the practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop to avoid exhaust

cultivation region

regions where there is agricultural activity

dairying

an agricultural activity involving the raising of livestock, most commonly cow and goat, for dairy products

double cropping

harvesting twice a year from the same field

extensive subsistence agriculture

system of crop cultivation using small amounts of labour and capital in relation to the area of land being farmed

shifting cultivation

people shift activity from 1 field to another, each field is used for crops for few years then they are left alone for a long time

slash and burn

field are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris

swidden

a patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning

nomadic herding

the continual movement of livestock in search of forage for animals

extractive industry

made up of mining, quarning, oil and gas industries

forestry

the art, science, and practice of studying and managing forests and plantations and related natural resources

hurticulture

the growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers

hull

the outer covering of a seed

intensive subsistence agriculture

farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from land

intertillage

spreads out production over the farming season by planting different crops in the same field

livestock ranching

the raising of domesticated animals for the production of meat and other products

market gardening

small scale production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers, as cash crops sold directly to local consumers

mediterranean agriculture

agriculture practiced in areas with mediterranean climate, mostly horticulture

milkshed

the area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied

mineral fuel

hydrocarbons, don’t come form animal or plant resources, coal, fuel, oil

mining

the excavation of the earth for the purpose of extracting one ore or minerals

paddy

malay word for wet rice, used to describe a sawah

pastoral nomadism

a form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domestic animals

pasture

grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, and land used for grazing animals

plantation agriculture

the production of 1 or more crops for sale on a large farm in tropical or subtropical climates

reaper

a machine that cuts cereal grain standing in a field

renewable resource

something produced in nature more quickly than consumed by humans

nonrenewable resource

something produced in nature more slowly than it is consumed by humans

staple grain

a type of edible grain, usually wheat or corn, where people are dependent on

transhumance

seasonal migration of live stock between mountains and lowlands pastures

truck farming

commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named since “truck“ meant “bartering“ or “exchange of commodities“

sawah

a flooded field for growing grass

thresh

beat out grains from stalks

spring wheat

wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer

wet rice

rice planted on dry land in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth

winnow

to remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind

winter wheat

wheat planted in the autumn and harvested in the early morning