psychology 230 chapter 1 terms

Biological forces

Genetics and health

Sociocultural forces

Race, ethnicity, gender, and culture

Psychological forces

Known by behavior

Neuroscience

Study of the brain and the nervous system, especially brain behavior

What is the theory in human development?

organized set of ideas that explains development

Psychodynamic theory

Development is greatly showed by how well people resolve conflict at different ages

Learning theory

Experience of behaviors by being rewarded or punished That people learn by watching around them

Behaviorism

Emphasizes behaviors are acquired through interaction with the environment, Primarily through conditioning

Social learning theory

People learn without reinforcement or punishment, people learn by observing or watching other people or things around them

What are the two Leaning theories?

Behavioralism and social learning theory

What is imitation or observational learning?

When people see someone else do something and they follow with the action

Cognitive developmental theory

explains how thinking and understanding develop over time, particularly from infancy through adolescence.

information-processing theory

Proposes that human cognition consists of mental hardware and mental software.

What is human development?

Human development is the multidisciplinary Study of how people/Stay the same over time

Ecological theory

human development by examining how individuals interact with the various environments or “systems” they are part of.

Microsystem

the people and objects in an individual’s immediate environment. These arethe people closest to a person, such as parents or siblings. Some people may have more than onemicrosystem. For example, a young child might have the microsystems of the family and of the day caresetting.

mesosystem

Provides connections across microsystems because what happens in one microsystem is likely to influence others.

exosystem

Social settings that a person may not experience firsthand but that still influence development.

macrosystem

The cultures and subcultures in which the microsystem, mesosystem, and exosystem are embedded.

chronosystem

The changes and continuities that occur over the life span that influence development.