Chapter 10 Structure and Synthesis of Alcohols

Alcohols

They are polar with hydrogen bonds

Primary Alcohol

Structure with Oh and 1 r group

Secondary Alcohol

Structure with Oh and 2 r groups

Tertiary Alcohol

Structure wth OH and 3 R groups

Phenol

Cyclohexene with OH attached (EXTREMLEY ACIDIC)

IUPAC nomenclature of Alcohols

Find longest carbon chain with the OH group

• number the chain starting form the end closest to the Oh group group

• ending name with ol not e

Naming Phenols

OH group is assumed to be on carbon 1

Alcohol Physical Properties

Have High boiling points = due to the hydrogen bonding

• alkyl group size increases—> alcohol solubility decreases

Acidity of Alcohols

large pKa of 15.5-18 = weak acid

• alkyl group increases = acidity decreases

• Added halogens = increases acidity

Alchol Acidity by Classification: Primary alcohol (1°) > Secondary (2°) > Tertiary (3°)

Sodium Alkoxides formation

Primary alcohol that is irreversible to change

Potassium Alkoxides

Secondary & tert alcohols that is irreversible to change