1/69
AP2 lesson 3 and 4
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
pulmonary circulation
the right side of the heart recieves blood from the body to be pumped through the heart to the lungs
systemic circulation
the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues of the body from the heart is which circulation
cardiac temponade
a serious condition in which a large amount of fluid accumulates in the pericardial cavity and puts pressure on the heart
epicardium
another name for the viseral pericardium
myocardium
layer that froms the bulk of the heart wall
reduces friction between the pericardial membranes
the function of the pericardial fluid
left atrium
blood in the pulmonary veins returns to which heart chamber
myocardial infarction
the condition in which the coronary artery disease can diminish myocardial blood flow resulting in the death of myocardial cells
where does the right atrium receive blood from
the body and the heart
what vessel exits the left ventricle
aorta
the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk
pulmonary semilunar valve
connects the flaps of the AV valves to the papillary muscles
chordae tendineae
blood in the superior vena cava will enter through which heart chamber
right atrium
aorta
which blood vessel carries blood from the left ventricle
from the right ventricle, blood flows directly into
pulmonary trunk
an incompetent pulmonary semilunar valve could result in less blood reaching which organ
lungs
cardiac muscle cells
possess special cell to cell contacts called intercalated discs
gap junctions
action potential pass from one myocardial cell to another through area of low electrical resistance
SA node
the pacemaker of the heart
conduction system of the heart
SA node, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
energy for contraction of myocardial cells comes primarily from
aerobic respiration in the mitrochondria
why does the cardiac electrical impulse normally begin spontaneously in the SA node
this area produces action potentials more rapidly than other portion of the conduction system
how do cardiac muscles differ from skeletal muscle cells
action potentials are conducted from cell to cell only in cardiac muscle
the conduction system that would produce spontaneous action postentials most frequently if the sa node were not functioning
av node
the p wave of an ecg indicates
atrial depolarization
what event occurs during the qrs complex of the ecg
depolarization of the ventricles and repolarization of the atria
tachycardia
the abdormal heart rhythm could be caused by an elevated body temperature, excessive sympathetic stimulation, or toxic conditions
the bicuspid (mitral) valve opens
when the left atrial pressure exceeds left ventricular pressure
left ventricle
the chamber of the heart that endures the highest pressure
aortic semilunar valve opens
as soon as left ventricular pressure exceeds the pressure in the aorta
AV valves close
when ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure
the vibrations that occur when the valves close
the first and second heart sounds
most ventricular filling occurs before the artia contracts
true
in the left atrium
an incompetent mitral valve may cause blood to back up into which heart chamber?
stroke volume
the volume of blood pumped during each cardiac cycle
cardiac output
the product of the stroke volume multiplied by the heart rate
increased vagal stimulation would cause
the heart rate to decrease
what factor would cause an increase in heart rate
increased epinephrine release from the adrenal medulla
the baroreceptor reflex would cause increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart
if the reflex was caused by an increase in blood pressure
medulla oblengata
the cardioregulatory center of the brain is located in
systemic blood vessels transport blood
from the left ventricle through the body to the right atrium
left ventricle
pumps oxygenated blood through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta
capillaries primary function
the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells
afterload
the arterial pressure that the ventricles must overcome to eject blood
arise from the base of the aorta and provide arterial supply to the myocardium
the medulla oblengata
intrinsic regulation of the heart
if cardiac muscle fibers are slightly stretched, they have a stronger contraction force
within normal limits, an increase in preload leads to
an increase in cardiac output and force of left ventricular contraction
starling law of the heart
the relationship between preload and stroke volume
blood is moved through the vascular system by
pressure gradients created by the heart
the thinness of the capillary wall
enhances the exchange between capillary walls and the interstitial spaces
organ that contains fenestrated capillaries
kidney
sinusodial capilaries
have large fenestrae and are found in endocrine glands, in bone marrow, and the liver
in a capillary bed, relaxation of the precapillary sphincter
occurs when the tissue in the area needs more oxygen
artereis can constrict or dialte as needed becuase of the smooth muscle found in
tunica media
when constricting arteries and veins
arteries have a thicker tunica media than veins
a decrease in the radius of the vessel
increases resistance to blood flow
what tends to increase if blood viscosity increases
resistance in the cardiovascular system
the greater the compliance
the more easily the vessel wall stretches
which type of vessel has the greatest compliance
veins
which of the following acts as a storage area for blood
the veins
when blood pressure is greater than the blood colloid osmotic pressure, there is
a net movement of fluid out of the capillary
a force that cause the movement of fluid out of the capulilary is
blood pressure
a force that attracts fluid into the capillary from the tissue spaces
blood colloid osmotic pressure
increased venous tone
helps return blood to the heart
regulation of local blood flow
increased metabolic rate in a tissue increases capillary blood flow into the tissue
which hormone does not infuelnce blood pressure
growth hormone
angiotensin II
causes vasocontriction
what would occur as a result of increased renin release by the kidneys
an increase in blood volume
when released into the blood, what chemical substance would cause blood pressure to decrease
atrial natriuretic hormone
the renin-angiotensin mechanism is actived
in response to circulatory shock