Studied by 2 peoplePaul Farmer
Anthropologist and physician ________ (1992) and Jim Yong Kim founded Partners in Health to holistically address social, economic, political, and health problems in Cange, Haiti.
Biocultural
________ is the complex intersections of biological, psychological, and cultural processes- this allows anthropologists to think of human health as both biological and cultural.
Disease
________- the purely physiological condition of being sick, usually determined by a physician.
Anthropologists
________ have always sought to understand cultural approaches to illness and healthcare systems.
Medical anthropologists
________ recognize four distinct therapeutic processes: clinical processes, symbolic processes, social processes, and persuasion.
cultural context
How illness is defined depends on individual, ________, and time.
Social expectations
________ related to illness vary with class, gender, age, employment, and lifestyle.
Placebo
________ effect- a healing process that works on persuading a patient that he or she has been given a powerful medicine, even though the "medicine "has no active medicinal ingredient.
1920s
Since the ________, anthropologists have explored the relationship between biology and culture.
biology
The human mind is one place to mend the divide between ________ and culture.
emergent qualities of consciousness
Mind- ________ and intellect that manifest themselves through thought, emotion, perception, will, and imagination.
Paul Starr
According to ________ (1982), twentieth- century physicians in the United States used their status as professionals to increase their incomes, respect, and the exclusive right to determine medical treatments.
Anthropologist Robert Welsch
________ contracted malaria while conducting fieldwork among the Ningerum people of Papua New Guinea.
External factors
________ affecting health include social context and culture, with which the nervous system interacts through individual cognition.
Illness
________: the psychological and social experimence the patient has of a disease.
Tylor
________ and Lewis Henry Morgan thought that biology could justify their views on non- Western people as "primitive ..
Symbolic
________ therapeutic process- a healing process that restructures the meanings of the ________ surrounding the illness, particularly during a ritual.
Europe
For example, condom use has been relatively effective at preventing the spread of HIV in the United States and ________ but less so in sub- Saharan Africa, Haiti, and Southeast Asia.
Medical
________: Medicalization increases the social standing and authority of doctors.
complex intersections
Biocultural- the ________ of biological, psychological, and cultural processes.
Medical anthropology
________ is the subfield of anthropology that tries to understand how social, cultural, biological, and linguistic factors shape the health of human beings.
Clinical therapeutic process
________- a healing process that involves the use of medicines that have some active ingredient that is assumed to address either the cause or the symptom of a disorder.
biocultural approach
The ________ allows anthropologists an understanding of the interplay of biology and culture.
Social support
________ therapeutic process: a healing process that involves a patients social networks, especially close family members and friends, who typically surround the patient during an illness.
Culture bond syndrome
________- a mental illness unique to a culture.
social problems
Scientific: Given the unparalleled success of the scientific method, Americans are more comfortable seeking scientific solutions to ________.
Sick role
________- the culturally defined agreement between patients and family members to acknowledge that a patient is legitimately sick, which involves certain responsibilities and behaviors that caregivers expect of the sick.
Placebo
________ effect: a healing process that works on persuading a patient that he or she has been given a powerful medicine, even though the "medicine "has no active chemical ingredient.
Medical anthropologists
________ play a role in understanding and preventing the spread of disease, including viral epidemics like HIV and Ebola.
Illness
________ is the presence of sickness or disease.
Symbolic
________ therapeutic process: a healing process that restructures the meanings of the ________ surrounding the illness, particularly during a ritual.
Disease
________: the purely physiological condition of being sick, usually determined by a physician.
Social support
________ therapeutic process- a healing process that involves a patients social networks, especially family members and friends, who typically surround the patient during an illness.
Illness
________- the psychological and social experience a patient has of a disease.
5
31 PM EST
It helps to employ the relativistic concept of sick role
the culturally defined agreement between patients and family members to acknowledge that the patient is legitimately sick
Disease
the purely physiological condition of being sick, usually determined by a physician
Illness
the psychological and social experimence the patient has of a disease
Medical anthropologist Arthur Kleinman explained that healers and patients often have different explanatory models of illness
explanations of what is happening to the patients body by the patient, by the patients family, or by a healthcare practitioner, each of whom may have a different model of what is happening
Conditions that arent recognized as illness can become so through medicalization
the process of viewing or treating as a medical concern conditions that were not previously understood as medical problems
Financial
Everyone, from pharmaceutical companies to health insurers, is better situated to profit from treating disease than from treating "moral failings."
Medical
Medicalization increases the social standing and authority of doctors
Scientific
Given the unparalleled success of the scientific method, Americans are more comfortable seeking scientific solutions to social problems
Medical anthropologists recognize four distinct therapeutic processes
clinical processes, symbolic processes, social processes, and persuasion
Clinical therapeutic process
the healing process in which medicines have some active ingredient that is assumed to address either the cause or the symptom of a disorder
Symbolic therapeutic process
a healing process that restructures the meanings of the symbols surrounding the illness, particularly during a ritual
Social support therapeutic process
a healing process that involves a patients social networks, especially close family members and friends, who typically surround the patient during an illness
Placebo effect
a healing process that works on persuading a patient that he or she has been given a powerful medicine, even though the "medicine" has no active chemical ingredient
Most societies draw on multiple medical traditions simultaneously, a concept called pluralism
the co-existence and interpenetration of distinct medical traditions with different cultural roots in the same cultural community
See "Anthropologist as Problem-Solver
Nancy Scheper-Hughes on an Engaged Anthropology of Health"
Biocultural
the complex intersections of biological, psychological, and cultural processes
Clinical therapeutic process
a healing process that involves the use of medicines that have some active ingredient that is assumed to address either the cause or the symptom of a disorder
Culture-bond syndrome
a mental illness unique to a culture
Disease
the purely physiological condition of being sick, usually determined by a physician
Explanatory model of illness
an explanation of what is happening to a patients body, by the patient, by the patients family, or by a healthcare practitioner, each of whom any have a different model of what is happening
Illness
the psychological and social experience a patient has of a disease
Medical pluralism
the coexistence and interpenetration of distinct medical traditions with different cultural roots in the same cultural community
Medicalization
the process of viewing or treating as a medical concern conditions that were not previously understood as medical problems
Mind
emergent qualities of consciousness and intellect that manifest themselves through thought, emotion, perception, will, and imagination
Placebo effect
a healing process that works on persuading a patient that he or she has been given a powerful medicine, even though the "medicine" has no active medicinal ingredient
Sick role
the culturally defined agreement between patients and family members to acknowledge that a patient is legitimately sick, which involves certain responsibilities and behaviors that caregivers expect of the sick
Social support therapeutic process
a healing process that involves a patients social networks, especially family members and friends, who typically surround the patient during an illness
Symbolic therapeutic process
a healing process that restructures the meanings of the symbols surrounding the illness, particularly during a ritual
Note 
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