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What is Cultural Relativism?

Every culture has its own set of rules, and these rules are valid. We view the world through our own cultural lenses.

Q: What is the focus of Functional Theory?

A: Everything in a culture serves a purpose, and cultural practices exist to ensure the long-term survival of that culture.

Q: What does Cultural Materialism focus on?

A: It emphasizes how the environment and available resources shape cultural development, often through trial and error.

Q: What is the focus of Feminist Anthropology?

A: The role of gender in shaping culture and understanding how gender roles and expectations influence societies.

Q: What does Structuralism focus on?

A: It sees everything as a web of relationships between structures of the human mind, with concepts organized by their relationships (e.g., brother/sister).

Q: What is Bipedalism?

A: The ability to walk upright on two legs, a key characteristic that distinguishes humans from other primates.

Q: Why are Lucy and Selam significant?

A: Lucy is the earliest evidence of bipedalism, and Selam's hyoid bone suggests early human speech development.

Q: What is Culture in cultural anthropology?

A: The shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviors within a society.

Q: What is Gender and Culture?

A: Gender is a social construct, and people's gender identity and expression are shaped by cultural norms and roles.Gender roles vary across cultures, influencing expectations and behaviors related to masculinity and femininity.

Q: What is Ethnography?

A: A qualitative research method that involves studying people in their natural environment through participant observation.

Q: What does the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis propose?

Language not only labels our reality, but shapes our cultural reality

Q: What are the three parts of Freud's Psychoanalytical Theory?

A: Id (pleasure principle), Ego (deals with reality), and Superego (seeks moral perfection).

Q: What is Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)?

A: A learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus, leading to a conditioned response (e.g., bell + food = salivation).

Q: What is Operant Conditioning (Skinner)?

A: A method of learning where behavior is shaped by reinforcement (positive or negative) and punishment (positive or negative).

Q: What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

A: A theory in humanistic psychology that categorizes human needs from basic physiological needs to self-actualization.

Q: What is Social Learning Theory (Bandura)?

A: People learn behaviors through observation and imitation of others, particularly role models.

Q: What is the Bystander Effect?

A: The tendency for individuals to be less likely to help in an emergency when others are present.

Q: What does Conformity mean in social psychology?

A: The act of changing one’s attitudes, behaviors, or beliefs to align with group norms or peer pressure.

Q: What is the difference between Micro and Macro Sociology?

A: Micro sociology focuses on small groups and individuals, while macro sociology looks at large-scale societal systems and structures.

Q: What is Structural Functionalism (Durkheim)?

A: A theory that focuses on how societal institutions work together to maintain social stability and order.

Q: What is Conflict Theory (Karl Marx)?

A: The theory that societal inequalities, especially related to class, create conflict and drive social change.

Q: What is Feminist Sociology?

A: It examines how gender inequalities are produced and maintained through social structures and emphasizes women's perspectives.

Q: What is Symbolic Interactionism?

A: The theory that people create social reality through everyday interactions and the use of symbols (e.g., language, gestures).

Q: What are Social Institutions?

A: Organized structures in society (e.g., family, education, religion) that influence behavior and societal norms.

Q: What are Norms in sociology?

A: Social expectations or rules that guide behavior in society, including folkways, mores, and laws.

Q: What is Primary Socialization?

A: Learning norms and values in childhood, typically from family and close community.

Q: What are Agents of Socialization?

A: Individuals and groups that influence a person’s socialization, such as family, peers, schools, and media.

Q: What are the main types of Research Methods?

A: Surveys, case studies, observations, secondary analysis, content analysis, and focus groups.

Q: What is Observational Research?

A: Watching behavior in natural settings, either through participant or non-participant observation.

Q: What is Content Analysis?

A: Analyzing text or media trends for patterns or themes to understand societal values or behaviors.

Q: What is the key concept behind Symbolic Interactionism?

A: People create and interpret social reality through interactions using symbols, like language and gestures, which carry shared meanings.