US History Semester 1

Europeans establish colonies

North West Passage

a water route to Asia through the cold waters of present-day Canada

Missionaries

people who work to convert others to their religion

Presidios

forts near the missions

Push factors -

motivated people to leave their home countries

Mestizos

children of mixed Spanish and Indian ancestry 

Missions

an attempt from the Friars to convert Indians to Christianity

Quebec

he first permanent European settlement in Canada

Samuel de Champlain

Quebec’s founder, who traded with the Montagnais and Huron Indians

Coureurs de bois

 many fur traders who married Indian women

Metis -

 the children from marriages between the fur traders and Indian women

Charter

certificate of permission

Joint-stock company

a business founded and run by a group of investors who were to share in the company’s profits and losses. 

John Smith

 captain and colonist who emerged as a strong leader

Powhatan

a powerful chief who wanted to trade with the colonists for their metal weapons

House of Burgesses

the first representative body in colonial America

Royal colonies

belonged to the crown

Proprietary colonies

 belonged to powerful individuals or companies

Bacon’s rebellion

Bacon marches his armed followers to Jamestown in a revolt when Berkeley protested

Lord Baltimore

Charles’s favorite aristocrat who owned and governed Maryland as a proprietary colony

 James Oglethorpe

he led the Georgia trustees who designed their colony as a haven for English debtors

Puritans

 wanted to purify the Church of England

Separatists -

people who began their own churches

Pilgrims

the first Puritan emigrants

Mayflower Compact -

settlers agreed to form a government and obey its laws

John Winthrop

led a large group of Puritans to America

Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson

angered the authorities by arguing that Massachusetts had not done enough to break with Anglican ways. Anne Hutchinson was banished from Massachusetts, Williams fled to Rhode Island

Pequot War

 Rivalry over control of the trade, coupled with Indian opposition to English territorial expansion

King Philip’s War

a massive Indian rebellion led by Metacom 

Metacom

chief who was known to the colonists as “King Philip”. plotted and led an Indian rebellion

Quakers -

sought an “Inner Light” to understand the Bible

William Penn

the founder of Pennsylvania for religious freedom

One effect of Bacon’s rebellion…

Colony leaders reduced the taxes paid by the farmers and improved their access to frontier land. The frontier policy provoked further wars with the Indians of the interior.

Why did the English settle in the Chesapeake area?

 It offered many food harbors and navigable rivers, as well as more fertile land

Unlike the Spanish, the French…

could not afford to intimidate, dispossess, or enslave the Indians. The French needed Indians as hunters and suppliers of fur.

why was the government in Massachusetts Bay colony the most radical in colonial America?

because the male colonists elected a governor and assembly

More conservative Puritans founded which place/region?

Connecticut

what followed as a result from King Philip’s war?

The Indians lost most of their land in southern New England

Puritans believed that salvation depended on what…?

on the will of God

What did the Religious toleration in New Netherland attracted?

a diverse group of colonists

What push factor encourages people to leave England?

religious persecution

What was one way in which Pennsylvania differed from Virginia?

Pennsylvania cultivated peace with the local Indians

When did New York become an English colony?

When an English expedition forced Governor Stuyvesant to surrender

Which European group made no missionary effort to convert the Indians?

The Dutch

What did New Sweden do in 1655?

They surrendered to New Netherland