Rumen Fermentation, Cellular Respiration, and VFA Utilization in Animal Nutrition

As the partical size of grain decreases, the digestibility of the grain _______.

increases

As the partical size of the forage decreases, the digestibility of the forage _____.

decreases

As the forage to grain ratio decreases in the rumen, the acetate to propionate ratio will _____.

decrease

As the rate of fermentation increases, the accumulation of hydrogen will _____, and the production of propionate will ______.

increase, increase

What are the three phases od cellular respiration and what is the goal of each

1. electron transport chain

2. Glycolysis

3. krebs cycle

Glycolysis

breaks glucose into pyruvate, yielding a small amount of ATP and NADH

Krebs Cycle

(citric acid cycle) oxidizes acetyl-CoA to CO2, producing NADH, FADH2, and a small amount of ATP

electron transport chain

Uses NADH and FaDH2 to produce large amounts of ATP through oxidative phosporglation

VFA or metabolic precursors to the host animal seldom be used in the production of glucose, ketones, or fat. How does the host animal utilize VFAs?

Acetate

Propionate

Butyrate

This VFA is important to the host because it is a precursor, it plays a role in what?

VFAs like acetate, propionate, and butyrate are absorbed through the rumen wall and used by the host for energy

Acetate

Used for fatty acid synthesis and energy

Propionate

converted into glucose via gluconegenisis

butyrate

Converted to ketone bodies for energy