AP Human Chapters 8 & 9 (From Quizzes and In Class Quiz)

The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 resulted in five groups of independent states, Russia and all but which of the following?

1. Caucasus states (Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia)

2. Russia's central European States (Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Romania)

3. Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania)

4. Russia's western European states (Belarus, Moldova, and Ukraine)

5. Central Asian states (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan)

The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 resulted in five groups of independent states, Russia and all but which of the following?

1. Caucasus states (Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia)

2. Russia's central European States (Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Romania)

3. Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania)

4. Russia's western European states (Belarus, Moldova, and Ukraine)

5. Central Asian states (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan)

2.Russia's central European States (Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Romania)

This European country was divided post-World War II into a Democratic Republic and a Federal Republic.

1. The United Kingdom

2. Czechoslovakia

3. Poland

4. Germany

5. Yugoslavia

4.Germany

The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves is known as

1. nationalism.

2. universal suffrage.

3. centripetal determination.

4. self determination.

5. sovereignty.

4.self determination.

The Fertile Crescent

1. was the key to the Roman Empire in classical times.

2. extended from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea and was the location of the first city-states in the Middle East.

3. followed the Nile and Euphrates rivers.

4. is sometimes considered to have extended from the Nile Valley to the Atlas Mountains.

5. was the location of the first city-states in the Middle East and the first large-scale agricultural projects of Sub-Saharan Africa.

2.extended from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea and was the location of the first city-states in the Middle East.

A state with control over its internal affairs has

1. centripetal forces.

2. sovereignty.

3. nationality.

4. ethnicity.

5. suffrage.

2.sovereignty.

The Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands represent the contested sovereignty of these three nations.

1. The People's Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan), Japan

2. The People's Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan), Russia

3. The Philippines, Indonesia, Australia

4. The People's Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan), Australia

5. Japan, Russia, The People's Republic of China

1.The People's Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan), Japan

The attempt by one country to impose political control over another territory is

1. constitutionality.

2. self-determination.

3. colonialism.

4. suffrage.

5. sovereignty.

3.colonialism.

A territory tied to a state rather than being completely independent is a

1. patron-state.

2. colony.

3. nation.

4. state.

5. nation-state.

2.colony.

Examples of major nation-states are

1. Australia and New Zealand.

2. Russia and the United States.

3. Germany and Denmark.

4. Mexico and Russia.

5. Mexico and Germany.

3.Germany and Denmark.

As indicated on the maps of economic and political alliances, in 1980 Belgium

1. was a member of the European Community but not NATO.

2. was a member of NATO but not the European Community.

3. was a member of NATO and the European Community.

4. remained nonaligned with either NATO or the Warsaw Pact.

5. was a member of the Warsaw Pact and COMECON.

3.was a member of NATO and the European Community.

This country has built a sand wall around the disputed Sahrawi Republic.

1. Mali

2. Malawi

3. Morocco

4. Mauritania

5. Mozambique

3.Morocco

The world's largest state is

1. Alaska.

2. Canada.

3. Russia.

4. China.

5. India.

3.Russia.

The historically neutral country that recently joined the United Nations is

1. Monaco.

2. Australia.

3. Switzerland.

4. France.

5. Canada

3.Switzerland.

Over the past half century, the number of sovereign states in the world

1. has decreased by a couple of dozen.

2. has increased by more than a hundred.

3. has increased by a couple of dozen.

4. has increased by more than a thousand.

5. has remained approximately the same.

2.has increased by more than a hundred.

An area organized into an independent political unit is a

1. nation.

2. territory.

3. state.

4. colony.

5. nationality.

3.state.

The best example of a state among the following is

1. an island with a long history of self-rule and a homogeneous ethnic identity, although the island has been under the control of a colonial power for the last 30 years.

2. a group of islands inhabited by a homogeneous ethnicity, although the westernmost islands pertain to the territory of one country whereas the easternmost islands pertain to another country.

3. a mountainous region inhabited by heterogeneous ethnicities and divided up administratively among various independent countries.

4. a mountainous region inhabited by a mixture of peoples but recently colonized by a European nation-state.

5. a mountainous region inhabited by heterogeneous ethnicities which share responsibility for maintaining an independent government and a standing army.

5.a mountainous region inhabited by heterogeneous ethnicities which share responsibility for maintaining an independent government and a standing army.

The United Nations is primarily what kind of cooperative effort?

1. economic

2. military

3. political

4. environmental

5. cultural

3.political

The most populous country that is not a member of the United Nations is

1. Antarctica.

2. South Korea.

3. Vatican City.

4. Taiwan.

5. Monaco.

4.Taiwan.

The map concerning United Nations membership indicates that most African countries

1. joined the UN in the 1950s but left the UN in the 1980s.

2. became UN members in the 1940s and 1950s.

3. became UN members in the 1960s and 1970s.

4. have not yet joined the United Nations as independent states.

5. left the UN in the 1990s but joined again in the early 2000s.

3.became UN members in the 1960s and 1970s.

Which is NOT true about the Law of the Sea?

1. It identifies the exclusive economic zone as a zone of state exploitation of resources such as fish and oil.

2. It identifies international waters as having no single state control.

3. It identifies internal shoreline waters as international to ensure free trade.

4. It identifies territorial waters up to 12 nautical miles as under state control.

5. It identifies a contiguous zone in which a state may enforce pollution controls and levy taxes for its use.

3.It identifies internal shoreline waters as international to ensure free trade.

This island's capital is the only capital city in the world divided by an international ethnic boundary.

1. Sardinia

2. Sicily

3. Crete

4. Cyprus

5. Ireland

4.Cyprus

The conflict over the Aozou Strip involves

1. a disputed border and Egypt's claims of sovereignty over the zone.

2. a disagreement regarding suffrage and a disputed border.

3. a disputed border and Libya's claims of sovereignty over the zone.

4. centripetal forces acting in the absence of any centrifugal forces.

5. Aozou attempts to join the United Nations as a sovereign nation-state.

3.a disputed border and Libya's claims of sovereignty over the zone.

A frontier, in contrast to a boundary,

1. is the westernmost part of a state.

2. is a region of ethnic conflict.

3. separates two states.

4. has become a more common means to separate states.

5. is an area rather than a line.

5.is an area rather than a line.

The boundary between the United States and Canada is best described by which of the following?

1. mountain and water

2. water and linguistic

3. water and geometric

4. geometric only

5. linguistic and religious

3.water and geometric

Swaziland makes ________ into a perforated state.

1. Italy

2. the United Kingdom

3. Madagascar

4. Zimbabwe

5. South Africa

5.South Africa

The most fragmented Southeast Asian state is

1. Malaysia.

2. East Timor.

3. Thailand.

4. Brunei.

5. Indonesia.

5.Indonesia.

Which shape most easily fosters the establishment of effective internal communications for a smaller state?

1. elongated

2. prolonged

3. prorupted

4. compact

5. fragmented

4.compact

A state which places most power in the hands of a central government is a(n)

1. anocratic state.

2. fragmented state.

3. federal state.

4. unitary state.

5. compact state.

4.unitary state.

An increasing number of states have adopted a federal form of government primarily to

1. govern compact states more effectively.

2. encourage the breakup of the superpower alliances.

3. grant different ethnicities or nationalities more effective representation.

4. accommodate rightwing political parties and their demands for more representation in national elections.

5. deploy scarce resources efficiently.

3.grant different ethnicities or nationalities more effective representation.

When gerrymandering takes place, the kind of redistricting so that the opposition is spread across many districts as a minority is termed a(n) ________ strategy.

1. Districting

2. Rightwing

3. wasted vote

4. excess vote

5. stacked vote

3.wasted vote

In the geopolitical sphere, a balance of power is

1. a condition of roughly equal strength between opposing sides, as if they were two equally matched camps.

2. the type of power shared by the members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

3. always bipolar but reinforced by satellite states.

4. exemplified by a League of Nations or, in the post-World War II era, the United Nations.

5. a condition of unequal strength between opposing sides, as if they were two powerful allies, supported by a range of satellite states.

1.a condition of roughly equal strength between opposing sides, as if they were two equally matched camps.

In ________ in 1979, when the U.S.-supported leader of the country was ousted from power, supporters of the Ayatollah seized the U.S. embassy and held 62 Americans hostage until January 20, 1981.

1. Iraq

2. Iran

3. Egypt

4. Afghanistan

5. Israel

2.Iran

Since the end of the Cold War,

1. Russia has undergone political and economic turmoil, including rebellion in the Caucasus region.

2. military alliances have become more important in Europe.

3. Russia has become a nation-state, with the expulsion of minorities from regions such as the Caucasus.

4. COMECON has reemerged as a major economic entity in Eastern Europe, and has cooperated with the European Union and NATO on environmental issues and regional trade.

5. nationalities have been discouraged from expressing their cultural identities, particularly in the Caucasus region and Siberia.

1.Russia has undergone political and economic turmoil, including rebellion in the Caucasus region.

What was a distinctive feature of the world's superpowers between the 1940s and 1980s compared to other eras?

1. The two superpowers were never involved in wars.

2. The superpowers had satellites.

3. The number of superpowers was much lower than in the past.

4. The United States and the Soviet Union were superpowers for the first time.

5. The superpowers used religion to settle conflicts.

3.The number of superpowers was much lower than in the past.

As a result of a 1979 Soviet invasion, fundamentalist Muslims began a major rebellion in ________, supported in part by weapons supplied by the United States.

1. Vietnam

2. Yugoslavia

3. Afghanistan

4. Ethiopia

5. Iran

3.Afghanistan

Terrorism differs from assassinations and other acts of political violence because

1. attacks are aimed at military targets or political leaders.

2. attacks are aimed at ordinary people.

3. attacks use only personal and improvised weapons.

4. attacks are never well coordinated.

5. attacks are typically made without regard for political goals.

2.attacks are aimed at ordinary people.

Key challenges to establishing a representative government in Iraq after Saddam Hussein are

1. Al-Qaeda insurgents opposed to a secular state with U.S. ties.

2. tribal and ethnic differences between provinces.

3. sectarian conflict between the Shiite and Sunni Muslims.

4. geometric boundaries established by British and French treaties.

5. All of these answers are correct.

5.All of these answers are correct.

State support for terrorism is seen to include all but one of the following.

1. assisting in planning terrorist attacks

2. supplying both money and intelligence to terrorist groups

3. supplying arms and materiel for terrorist attacks

4. providing sanctuary for wanted terrorists

5. establishing a political party representing terrorist grievances

5.establishing a political party representing terrorist grievances

Boko Haram seeks to turn which African country into an Islamic State?

1. Nigeria

2. Mauritania

3. Somalia

4. Mali

5. Algeria

1.Nigeria

The Commonwealth is primarily

1. a religious entity that sends missionaries to Africa from the United Kingdom.

2. organized to increase availability of mineral resources in perforated states that are NATO allies.

3. an association of countries that were once members of COMECON and the Warsaw Pact.

4. an organization of culturally homogenous nations that opposed the Warsaw Pact.

5. an economic and cultural alliance of states once part of the British Empire.

5.an economic and cultural alliance of states once part of the British Empire.

The global recession of 2008 brought especially severe repercussions to economically weaker nations in the European Union, including all but which of the following?

1. Ireland

2. Spain

3. Italy

4. Greece

5. France

5.France

Economic and political cooperation in the European Union takes the form of all but which of the following?

1. Transfer of finished products between countries is simplified.

2. A European Parliament is elected by member states.

3. Subsidies are provided to economically depressed areas.

4. Every member country must adopt the Euro currency.

5. With few exceptions, citizens may live in one country but work in another without political difficulty.

4.Every member country must adopt the Euro currency.

NATO membership expanded immediately after the dissolution of the USSR to include

1. the remaining colonies under British and U.S. control.

2. Switzerland, Austria, and Serbia.

3. Cuba to avoid another missile crisis.

4. former Warsaw Pact countries.

5. Ireland, Sweden, and Finland.

4.former Warsaw Pact countries.

Gross domestic product (GDP) is the

1. total value of exports of goods and services produced in a country during a year.

2. total value of outputs of goods and services produced in a country during a year.

3. total value of the outputs minus inputs of goods and services produced in a country during a year.

4. total value of investments made in domestic and foreign sources of revenue during a year.

5. total value of human capital development in a country during a year.

2.total value of outputs of goods and services produced in a country during a year.

The secondary sector of the economy includes which of the following?

1. government

2. mining

3. data processing

4. construction

5. banking

4.construction

In MDCs, employment is increasing more rapidly in which of the following sectors?

1. primary

2. tertiary

3. farming

4. secondary

5. fishing

2.tertiary

The value of a product minus the costs of raw materials and energy is

1. tertiary sector analysis.

2. productivity.

3. gross domestic product.

4. market value.

5. value added.

5.value added.

Examples of material conditions include

1. political institutions.

2. division of jobs into different sectors.

3. drinking water and sewage systems.

4. systems of thought.

5. religious institutions.

3.drinking water and sewage systems.

Per capita GDP is a good indicator of which of the following?

1. the distribution of wealth within a country

2. the number of countries below sea level

3. the approximate level of spiritual well being in a country

4. potential for providing all citizens with a comfortable life

5. the political dimensions of a population

4.potential for providing all citizens with a comfortable life

People are more productive in more developed countries because they

1. have access to more technology.

2. have a low amount of value added per person.

3. work harder.

4. understand their jobs better than workers in less developed countries.

5. are consistently better educated.

1.have access to more technology.

Compared to less developed countries, more developed countries have lower

1. numbers of years attending school.

2. numbers of teachers available per pupil.

3. literacy rates.

4. amounts of spending per student.

5. percentages of GDP spent on education.

5.percentages of GDP spent on education.

The inequality-adjusted human development index of the United States is

1. greater than any other country in the world.

2. inferior to Western European countries but far superior to Canada.

3. inferior to that of Canada and most Western European countries.

4. inferior to that of Canada but superior to most Western European countries.

5. greater than Canada because a higher percentage of people in the United States have quality health care.

3.inferior to that of Canada and most Western European countries.

Which is the least developed region among the following?

1. Eastern Europe

2. Southwest Asia

3. North America

4. East Asia

5. Western and Central Europe

2.Southwest Asia

The Gender Inequality Index (GII)

1. is composed of the same measures as the HDI but is applied only to women instead of the entire population.

2. compares the levels of indicators for females to those of males within a country.

3. compares the level of development of women in a country to the average development level of women in the world.

4. combines economic and political indicators of empowerment.

5. cannot be used as an indicator of development in the United States.

2.compares the levels of indicators for females to those of males within a country.

Severe gender inequality is a challenge to development because

1. it is associated with higher literacy rates, higher economic vitality, and lower infant mortality rates.

2. it excludes men from the informal economy, wasting a major economic asset.

3. it leads to smaller family sizes, and families with fewer child laborers cannot earn enough money to pay for their rent and utilities.

4. it does not allow men and boys the freedom to attend the schools and seek the jobs that are best suited to them.

5. it severely limits the economic and social mobility of women, as well as families that are headed by women.

5.it severely limits the economic and social mobility of women, as well as families that are headed by women.

Since 1990, most countries have seen a decline in previous patterns of

1. innovative agricultural methods.

2. gender equality.

3. economic inequality.

4. gender dynamics.

5. gender inequality.

5.gender inequality.

Which of the following is not an indicator of global gender inequality?

1. Female life expectancy is less than males in every country of the world.

2. Female literacy is much lower than males in Sub-Saharan Africa.

3. Women hold less than one-fourth of managerial jobs in LDCs where data are available.

4. Women have much lower incomes than men in LDCs.

5. Women on average have only two-thirds of the income of men in MDCs.

1.Female life expectancy is less than males in every country of the world.

Gender inequality is a challenge to development because

1. it excludes all women from both the formal and informal economy.

2. it greatly enhances the economic and social mobility of women.

3. it leads to larger family sizes.

4. it is associated with higher literacy rates and lower infant mortality rates.

5. men are responsible for all economic development in impoverished areas.

3.it leads to larger family sizes.

Which country is the only semi peripheral nation-state in Africa?

1. Kenya

2. Gabon

3. Libya

4. Angola

5. South Africa

5.South Africa

One finds the highest rate of women's labor force participation in

1. Southwest Asia.

2. Sub-Saharan Africa.

3. Central Asia.

4. Oceania.

5. the Russian Federation.

2.Sub-Saharan Africa.

What is the poorest region in the United States?

1. Mid-Atlantic

2. Mid-West

3. Northeast

4. Southeast

5. Southwest

4.Southeast

The UN argues that

1. gender inequality is less important than literacy rates.

2. gender inequality exists only in the secondary sectors of economic activity.

3. gender inequality exists only in Sub-Saharan Africa.

4. gender inequality is a major factor that keeps a country from achieving a higher level of development.

5. gender inequality distorts "schooling for today's adults" results.

4.gender inequality is a major factor that keeps a country from achieving a higher level of development.

The GII combines which three measures to derive a composite score?

1. empowerment, employment, reproductive health

2. empowerment, reproductive health, school years completed

3. literacy rate, empowerment, reproductive health

4. employment, school years completed, voting history

5. employment, reproductive health, literacy rate

1.empowerment, employment, reproductive health

A leader in microfinance has been

1. the IMF.

2. Bank of America.

3. Grameen Bank.

4. the World Bank.

5. the Central Bank of the EU.

3.Grameen Bank.

What do critics charge are some effects of Structural Adjustment Programs for refinancing loans to LDCs?

1. more dissemination of information to the public

2. investment benefiting the poor, not just the elite

3. more efficient civil service

4. diverting investment from weapons and training for the military to social needs such as health and education

5. workers in state enterprises losing their jobs and support for dependent citizens being cut

5.workers in state enterprises losing their jobs and support for dependent citizens being cut

The biggest problem faced by less developed countries in financing development is

1. identifying unique economic assets.

2. inability to repay loans.

3. trade negotiations with more developed countries.

4. promoting dependency.

5. currency inflation.

2.inability to repay loans.

World Bank assistance goes largely to countries in

1. Sub-Saharan Africa.

2. Eastern Europe.

3. South America.

4. Asia.

5. colonial holdings of the United States and the United Kingdom.

4.Asia.

FDI is defined as the investment of ________ in the economy of another country.

1. a foreign company

2. a non-government organization

3. a foreign government

4. the World Bank

5. the IMF

1.a foreign company

Which country converted to an international trade model in the early 1990s?

1. Taiwan

2. Laos

3. Brazil

4. India

5. Vietnam

4.India

One approach the World Trade Organization does NOT take to reduce barriers to trade is

1. it encourages subsidies on exports.

2. it discourages subsidies on exports.

3. it reduces or eliminates quotas on imports.

4. it protects intellectual property rights.

5. it reduces restrictions on movement of money.

2.it discourages subsidies on exports.

According to Rostow's development model, the process of development begins when

1. take-off industries achieve technical advances.

2. workers become more skilled and specialized.

3. a high percentage of national wealth is allocated to nonproductive activities.

4. banking institutions are sufficiently mature.

5. an elite group initiates innovative activities.

5.an elite group initiates innovative activities.

The principal benefit of the self-sufficiency approach is to promote

1. global competitiveness for local industries.

2. the maintenance of a large bureaucracy.

3. unequal distribution of resources.

4. balanced growth of all economic sectors.

5. international trade.

4.balanced growth of all economic sectors.

According to the international trade approach to development, a country should identify all but which of its following assets?

1. high quality manufactured goods

2. imports that it should limit

3. abundant agricultural products

4. international consumer preferences

5. abundant mineral resources

2.imports that it should limit

Which indicator has shown a widening gap since 1980?

1. All four progress indicators have shown a narrowing gap.

2. life expectancy

3. per capita GNI

4. HDI

5. mean years of education

3.per capita GNI

Using the map, which semi peripheral nation is considered highly developed?

1. New Zealand

2. Spain

3. Argentina

4. Brazil

5. Australia

3.Argentina

Using the above map, which developing region has shown the biggest change in HDI?

1. Southwest Asia and North Africa

2. East Asia

3. Southeast Asia

4. Central Asia

5. South Asia

2.East Asia

Cooperatives

1. are short-lived stepping stones to traditional sales organizations.

2. have limited appeal in communities because there is no opportunity for participation.

3. are democratically governed organizations that improve the community.

4. are corporate owned.

5. are financed largely through commercial lenders.

3.are democratically governed organizations that improve the community.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Fair Trade movement?

1. Fair Trade coffee has become available in most North American cities.

2. Cooperatives intend to benefit local farmers and artisans, rather than absentee corporate owners.

3. Standards intending to protect workers are instituted in LDCs.

4. Protection of workers' rights is already a high priority for multinational corporations.

5. Employers must pay fair wages and comply with environmental and safety standards.

4.Protection of workers' rights is already a high priority for multinational corporations.

Which is NOT considered a semi peripheral nation?

1. China

2. Australia

3. Brazil

4. India

5. Iran

2.Australia

Which country is the only semi peripheral state in Africa?

1. Libya

2. Angola

3. Gabon

4. South Africa

5. Kenya

4.South Africa

Development analysts expect that a more developed country will have a

1. low GII and a low HDI.

2. low GII and a high HDI.

3. high GII and low HDI.

4. high GII and a high HDI.

5. low HDI.

2.low GII and a high HDI.

The biggest problem in promoting development through the international trade alternative is

1. increased demand for many goods.

2. increased price of petroleum.

3. regional cooperation.

4. unequal distribution of resources.

5. consumer demand expanding faster than manufacturing can increase.

4.unequal distribution of resources.

In contrast to the international trade approach, the self-sufficiency approach to development

1. begins when an elite group initiates innovative activities.

2. attempts to result in uneven resource development. and market correction indices.

3. suffers from market stagnation.

4. attempts to spread investment through all sectors of the economy.

5. attempts to identify appropriate developmental stages.

4.attempts to spread investment through all sectors of the economy.

Traditional barriers to international trade have included

1. low taxes on imports.

2. making domestic goods more expensive.

3. eliminating quotas on imports.

4. requiring licenses for importers.

5. strong domestic and international demand.

4.requiring licenses for importers.

Which of the following is NOT true? When a country concentrates on international trade, it

1. benefits from exposure to demand in other countries.

2. benefits from sale of natural resources at a fairer market price.

3. is viewed that competition will introduce higher quality products.

4. is seen to promote domestic development.

5. is seen to promote political and economic equity.

5.is seen to promote political and economic equity.

Major sources of FDI in terms of frequency and dollar amount are

1. startup organizations.

2. venture capitalists.

3. transnational corporations.

4. microfinance.

5. fair trade programs.

3.transnational corporations.

The World Bank and the IMF were established

1. at the same time as the League of Nations.

2. after the Vietnam War.

3. at the same time as NATO.

4. just before the end of WWI.

5. just before the end of WWII.

5.just before the end of WWII.

A stimulus strategy is introduced by governments to

1. counter negative conditions of economic downturns.

2. ensure TNC stock prices don't collapse.

3. provide education funds in developed countries.

4. provide health benefits to all citizens.

5. promote research and development.

1.counter negative conditions of economic downturns.

Austerity programs

1. target cuts in private industry payroll.

2. introduce furlough days in private firms.

3. introduce new taxes on water and electricity.

4. target cuts in government spending on welfare benefits.

5. target the dissolution of unions.

4.target cuts in government spending on welfare benefits.

Using the above map, observe which less developed country does NOT exceed 50 percent?

1. Tunisia

2. Mongolia

3. Mauritania

4. Venezuela

5. Guyana

4.Venezuela

Using the above map, observe which Southeast Asian country exceeds 50 percent?

1. Thailand

2. Vietnam

3. Laos

4. Cambodia

5. Indonesia

3.Laos