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Commitment to free press
The principle that supports the freedom of the press to operate without government interference.
Libel
A false and defamatory written statement that damages someone's reputation.
Freedom of Information Act
A law that gives the public the right to access information from the federal government.
Unrestricted internet access
The ability to access all information on the internet without censorship.
Privately owned media
Media outlets that are owned by individuals or corporations rather than the government.
Media bias
The perceived bias of journalists and news producers within the mass media.
The party press
An era in American journalism where newspapers were controlled by political parties.
Political parties controlled newspapers
A historical context where political parties influenced newspaper content.
The popular press
A form of journalism that appeals to a mass audience, often through sensationalism.
Associated Press
An American news agency founded in 1846 that delivers news to its members.
Sensationalism
A style of reporting that exaggerates or focuses on shocking events to attract attention.
Muckraking
Investigative journalism that aims to expose social injustices or corruption.
Electronic journalism
News reporting that is delivered through electronic means such as TV and radio.
Radio (1920s)
A medium that became popular in the 1920s for broadcasting news and entertainment.
Television (1940s)
A medium introduced in the 1940s that changed how news was consumed by the public.
Blogs
Online platforms where individuals share opinions and news, often informal.
Social media
Websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or participate in social networking.
Media choice and political knowledge
The relationship between the variety of media sources available and the level of informed political awareness among the public.
Framing
The way in which information is presented to influence perception.
Media as a watchdog
The role of the media in overseeing political accountability and exposing misconduct.
Political campaigns as a political game
The perspective that campaigns focus on strategy and tactics rather than substantial issues.
Sensationalism and negativity
The tendency of media to emphasize scandalous and negative aspects of news stories.
Government Regulation of the Media
Laws and policies governing how media companies operate and compete.
FCC (Federal Communications Commission)
The U.S. government agency responsible for regulating communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable.
Professional journalists' confidentiality
The ethical commitment of journalists to protect the identity of their confidential sources.
Public service campaigning
Campaigns that aim to inform and educate the public about important issues.
Least governmental regulation
The standard for newspapers, which operate under minimal government control.
No prior restraint
The legal principle that prevents the government from restricting publication before it occurs.
Most governmental regulation
The standard for radio and television, which are subject to more oversight compared to newspapers.
License needed
Requirement for radio and television stations to obtain a license to broadcast.
Competitive
Referring to the competitive nature of radio and television stations in the media market.
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