Anatomy -- Axial Skeleton

Cranial bones

8 bones

touches brain

frontal

1 bone

forehead

parietal

2 bones

middle-back of skull

temporal

2 bones

temple, near ear

occipital

1 bone

base of cranium, back of head

sphenoid

1 bone

bat shaped, thru other side

ethmoid

1 bone

nasal cavity & part of eye orbit

Facial bones

front of head

14 bones

zygomatic

2 bones

sort of cheek bones

maxillary

2 bones

upper jaw

mandible

1 bone

jaw bone/lower jaw

lacrimal

2 bones

corner of eye

contains nasolacrimal duct (tear duct)

nasal

2 bones

bridge of nose

inferior nasal conchae

2 bones

lower 2 bones of nose

palatine

2 bones

roof of mouth

vomer

1 bone

nasal septum

associate w skull bones

7 bones

includes auditory & hyoid

auditory bones

6 bones (1 of each in each ear)

malleus, incus, stapes

hyoid

1 bone

floating bone in neck, near adams apple

total bones of skull

29 bones

• 7 associated

• 14 facial

• 8 cranial

sutures

immovable joints between cranial & facial bones

squamosal suture

separates temporal & parietal

coronal suture

separates frontal & parietal

lanbdoidal suture

separates occipital & parietal

saggital suture

separates the 2 parietal bones

orbits

bony recesses that contain the eyes

paranasal sinuses

chambers in frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid & maxillary

lighten the skull, resonance for voice, & area for mucus epithelium

cervical vertabrae

7 bones

in back of the neck

Atlas & Axis

first 2 cervical vertabrae

form pivot joint that allows for side to side movement of head

thoracic vertebrae

12 bones

articulate with the ribs

lumbar vertabrae

5 largest vertebrae

strongest, in lower back

sacrum

5 fused vertebrae

articulates the hip bones

coccyx

3-5 fused vertebrae

called “tail bone”

vertebral canal

continuous tunnel inside vertebrae

contains the spinal cord

intervertebral discs

separate the bodies of adjacent vertebrae

permits movement & cushions

herniated discs

when intervertebral disc bulges posteriorly & presses on spinal nerve

scoliosis

abnormal lateral curve of the spine

kyphosis

“hunchback”

exaggerated thoracic curvature

lordosis

“sway back”

exaggerated lumbar curvature

true ribs

ribs 1-7

directly articulate w/ the sternum

false ribs

ribs 8-10

not directly articulating w/ sternum through 7

floating ribs

ribs 11-12

not articulating w/ sternum at all

3 parts of sternum

manubrium

body

xiphoid process