Cells — Unit 3 Honors Biology

cell

cell

smallest structural and functional unit of an organism. typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus

multicellular

having, made up of, or involving more than one and usually many cells especially of living matter

unicellular

consisting of a single cell

prokaryote

organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and other organelles

eukaryote

an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA is the form of chromosomes contained with nucleus

nucleus

the structure in a cell that contains the chromosomes

membrane

microscopic double layer of lipids and proteins that bounds cells and organelles and firms structures within cells

endosymbiosis

two organisms living together with one inside the other

surface area

the total area that the surface of an object occupies

volume

a physical quantity that measures the mount of 3D space occupied by matter

organelle

a specialized subunit, usually within a cell, that has a specific function

phospholipid bilayer

two-layered arrangement of phosphate and lipid molecules that form a cell membrane

endoplasmic bilayer

network of membranes inside a cell through which proteins and other molecules move

lysosome

membrane enclosed organelles that contain an array of enzymes capable of breaking down polymers

golgi body

a stack of small flat sacs formed by membranes inside the cell's cytoplasm (gel fluid)

vacuole

space within a cell that is empty of cytoplasm, lined with a membrane, and filled with fluid

vesicle

structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer

ribosome

a structure found inside cells involved in making proteins

mitochondria

small structures in a cell found in the cytoplasm (fluid surrounding cell nucleus)

plastids

double-membrane organelles found in cells of plants and animals

cell wall

rigid layer of polysaccarides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria

chloroplast

plant cell organelles that convert light energy into relatively stable chemical energy via photosynthetic process