Cells

fundamental characteristics of life

order, response to stimuli, reproduction, evolution, cells, homeostasis, growth+development, regulation, energy processing

phospholipids

polar head (hydrophyllic (water loving)), fatty lipid tails (hydrophobic, non-polar).

lipid bilayer

formed with tails connecting and heads on outside

saturated fats

occupied by hydrogen

unsaturated fats

not all of them are occupied by hydrogen

where solutes go…

water follows

isotonic

equillibrium, water and solute equal

hypertonic

more solute (salt) than solvent (water)

hypotonic 

more solvent (water) than solute (salt) 

True or False: water moves freely through the membrane

true

prokaryote

ONLY have plasma membrane, cell wall, DNA+RNA, Ribosomes (pretty mormons can’t work during rowdy rodeos) 

eukaryote and fungi

have everything but lysosomes, centrioles and central vacuole (let’s create cute valentines) 

plants

everything but lysosomes and centrioles (lick cock?)

animals

have everything but cell wall, chloroplasts and central vacuole (can we call cornelius vanderbilt)

True or False: Ions (charged particles) may freely cross the lipid bilayer membranes 

True 

True or False: in a lipid bilayer membrane, integral proteins are held in place because they have both hydrophobic and hydrophillic regions determined by their amino acid sequence, and the hydrophobic regions embed in the bilayer membrane

true

True or False: an organism placed in a solution that is hypertonic relative to its body will tend to lose water by osmosis 

True

diffusion

molecules move from a high concentration to low concentration

osmoregulation

regulation of internal balance of water and dissolved salts to keep bodily fluids

Active transport

area of low concentration to high

secondary active transport

uses energy from existing electrochemical gradient to move against the concentration gradient

electrochemical gradient

potential energy stored in combined force of an ion’s concentration gradient