Studied by 16 people
Includes "How the Body Works", "Anatomical Terms of Movement", and "The Musculoskeletal System". Doesn't include all the really specific bone and muscle terms though, sorry :(
Respiratory, circulatory, and metabolic
Three of the systems of the body
Respiratory system
This system moves air to and from the lungs
Pulmonary ventilation
The movement of gas in and out of the lungs
Tidal volume
the volume of gas exchanged during one breath in and out
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
the volume of air that can be further drawn in after normal inspiration
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
The volume of air that can be drawn out after a normal expiration
Residual Air (AC)
This amount of air remains in the lungs after forced expiration
Vital Capacity (VC)
The maximum volume of air that can be exchanged in one breath in and out
Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
The volume of air that can be inhaled in addition to a normal exhalation
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
The volume of air remaining after a normal exhalation
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
The maximum air that can be held in the two lungs at any given time
Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1)
How much air can be forced out of the lungs over a specific time period, usually one second
10-20 times a minute
One normally breathes how many times per minute at rest?
Up to 45 breaths per minute
One normally breathes how many times per minute at during heavy work?
Eupnea
This type of breathing occurs at rest and does not require cognitive thought. This is also known as quiet or silent breathing
The diaphragm and the external intercostal cartilage
These parts of the respiratory system should contract during silent breathing
Diaphragmatic Breathing
This type of breathing requires the diaphragm to contract; as the diaphragm relaxes, air passively leaves the lungs. This kind of breathing is also known as deep breathing
Costal Breathing
This type of breathing requires the contraction of intercostal
muscles; as intercostal muscles relax, air passively
leaves the lungs. This is also known as shallow breathing.
When someone is catching their breath
When does costal breathing usually happen?
Hypernea
This type of breathing occurs during exercise and requires active manipulation of breathing; this is also known as forced breathing.
Circulatory System
This system carries O2 from the lungs to the cells
10%
Approximately this much of a body’s total fluid volume consists of blood
A, B, AB, and O
The four basic blood classifications
Rh (Rhesus) Factor
Another blood classification is the…
Red blood cells
These blood cells transport oxygen
Hemoglobin
Where does O2 attach to in the red blood cell?
Systemic and pulmonary circuits
These are the two subsystems of the circulatory system
The left side of the heart
This side of the heart supports the systemic section
The right side of the heart
This side of the heart powers the blood through the pulmonary artery, the lungs, and the pulmonary vein to the left side of the heart
Venous blood
Deoxygenated blood is also known as…
Arterial blood
Oxygenated blood is also known as…
Systole
The contraction of the heart muscle is called…
Diastole
The closing of the aortic valve is called…
“Lub-dub”
This is the sound your heart makes when it beats!
Cardiac Output
The amount of blood pumped by the heart per unit of time
5L per min
The cardiac output of an adult at rest
25L per min
The cardiac output of an adult at during strenuous activity can go up to…
Metabolism
This refers to all chemical processes in the living body
Homeostasis
a state of equilibrium; all body systems are working and interacting in an appropriate way to fulfill all the needs of person and/or body
e = W/I = W/M
The formula for human energy efficiency
Catabolism
This chemical reaction involves the breaking down of molecules into smaller units
Anabolism
This chemical reaction involves the building up small molecules into larger ones
Duodenum
This is the top of the small intestine.
Chyme
Churned up food and other substances form the substance known as…
Carbohydrates
This is the major energy source for the body and are composed of three chemical ingredients: C, H, O
C6H12O6
The chemical formula for glucose
(C6H12O5)x
The chemical formula for glycogen
Fat
These are also known as adipose tissues and is the carrier of vitamins A, D, E, and K in food
Subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, inner cavities of bones
Fat is found where?
Protein
These consist of chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds
Amino acids
Proteins break down into this during digestion
Flexion
in the limbs, movement that decreases angle between two body parts; anterior bending of the neck or body
Extension
in the limbs, movement that increases the angle between two body parts; posterior bending of the neck or body
Abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body
Adduction
Movement towards the midline of the body
Medial Rotation
Rotation movement towards the midline of the body
Lateral Rotation
Rotation movement away from the midline of the body
Elevation
Movement in a superior direction of the mandible or scapula
Depression
Movement in an inferior direction of the mandible or scapula
Opposition
Thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger
Reposition
Returning the thumb to its anatomical position next to the index finger
Pronation
When lying flat on the front
Supination
When lying flat on the back
Dorsiflexion
Flexion at the ankle, so the foot points superiorly
Plantarflexion
Extension at the ankle, so the foot points inferiorly
Musculoskeletal System
This system works together for body support, protection, and movement
Bone
These protect the body’s internal organs; supports weight of the body; main storage for Ca and P
Muscles
These keep bones in place; assist movements by contracting and pulling bones
Joints
These connect bones
Cartilage
These prevent the bone ends from rubbing directly on each other; resist compressive forces
Muscular system
This system involves muscles of the body
Skeletal system
This system involves the bones of the body
Axial skeleton
These involve the bones of the head and trunk
Appendicular
A term that refers of or pertaining to a limb or appendage
Articulate
To form a joint or connect by joints
Appendicular skeleton
These are comprised of bones of the upper limbs, lower limbs, pectoral girdle, and pelvic girdle
Pectoral girdle
This is the skeletal point of attachment of upper limbs of the body
Pelvic girdle
This bears the weight of the body; responsible for locomotion; attaches the lower limbs of the body
Smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle
The three major types of muscles are…
Smooth muscles
These are muscles that are spindle shaped, with each cell having a single nucleus. They have no striations.
Blood vessel walls and the digestive tract
These are where smooth muscles are often found.
Cardiac muscles
These muscle cells branch off from each other and have junctions between adjacent cells. Their cells have a single nucleus and they have striations.
Skeletal muscles
These are long tubular muscle cells with striations and multiple nuclei.
Note 
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