ID Lecture 16: Application of Pharmacodynamic Principles to Antibiotic Dosing | Quizlet

Define concentration-dependent activity.

higher drug concentrations are associated with greater rates and extent of bacterial killing

Define concentration-independent activity.

minimal increase in the rate or extent of bacterial killing with increased concentrations of drug

Define post antibiotic effect (PAE).

time that it takes bacterial to recover from the effects of the antibiotic before resuming growth

True or false. Higher levels of antibiotic levels result in a longer post-antibiotic effect.

True

What are the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic hybrid parameters?

Cmax/MIC

AUC/MIC

T>MIC

Which antibiotics are concentration-dependent with a long PAE?

Fluoroquinolones

Aminoglycosides

Which antibiotics are time-dependent with a minimal to moderate PAE?

Beta-lactams

Which antibiotics are time dependent with a moderate to long PAE?

Vancomycin

How should antibiotics with concentration-dependent killing and a long PAE be dosed?

Give big doses less often

How should antibiotics with time dependent killing and a minimal to moderate PAE be dosed?

Give smaller doses more often, extended or continuous infusion

How should antibiotics with time-dependent killing and a moderate to long PAE be dosed?

Give large doses frequently, depending on kidney function

What PK/PD parameter best describes Aminoglycosides?

AUC/MIC

What PK/PD parameter best describes Beta-lactams?

T>MIC

What PK/PD parameter best describes Vancomycin?

MUC/MIC

Beta-lactams show optimal killing at what level?

2-5x MIC with no greater effects with higher concentrations

What Cmax/MIC ratio is optimal for Aminoglycosides?

at least 10:1

What PK/PD parameters best describe Fluoroquinolones?

Cmax/MIC

AUC/MIC

What are the optimal AUC/MIC ratios for Fluoroquinolones?

100-125 for gram -

30-50 for gram +

What is the Monte Carlo Simulation?

a program that uses mathmatical modeling to simulate the probability of achieving a PK/PD target for a given dose, patient, MIC, etc.

*estimates an optimal PD dosing strategy*

What is the question that all pharmacists must ask to ensure the patient recieved the right antibiotic dose and dosage regimen?

What their infectious diagnosis is!