Studied by 3 people
Adenine bases
Always equal to the amount of thymine bases.
DNA as a transforming factor
Found by Avery McCarty and Macleod.
Nucleic acid
Term coined by Miesher.
X-ray diffraction
Technique used by Rosalind Franklin.
Bacteriophages
DNA is the hereditary material, as shown by Hershey and Chase.
Turner syndrome
Nondisjunction disorder where subject appears female but is sterile. One missing X chromosome
Klinefelter syndrome
Nondisjunction disorder where subject appears male but is sterile. Extra X
Muscular Dystrophy
Sex linked disorder leading to skeletal muscle loss.
Sickle cell anemia
Codominant disorder where blood cells are misshaped.
Down Syndrome
Nondisjunction disorder where an extra 21st chromosome is present.
Huntington disease
Dominant disorder causing muscle loss and nervous dysfunction which doesn't appear until age 30-40s.
Hemophilia
Recessive sex linked disorder where blood fails to clot.
Karyotype
A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell.
46 XX
The chromosome pattern of a normal female.
Meiosis
The process during which nondisjunction occurs.
Malaria
Disease stopped by having sickle cell anemia.
O
The recessive allele in the alleles that determine blood type.
48 XXXY
An individual with this chromosome pattern appears male.
Color blindness
An example of a sex-linked trait.
Homozygous dominant female with a color blind male
Parental pair that could not produce a color blind male.
Stature
An example of a polygenic trait.
Hemophilia
Disorder that results when there are no clotting factors.
Three alleles
Human blood groups have this many alleles.
Polymerase
Protein that synthesizes the messenger RNA from the DNA.
Operator
The gene product is not produced when the repressor binds to this.
Autosomes
Non-sex chromosomes, humans have 22 pairs of them.
Polygenic
Traits that are caused by the interaction of many genes.
Anaphase I
Homologous chromosomes separate during this stage of meiosis.
Prophase I
Stage during which crossing over occurs.
4 haploid cells
Meiosis produces this number of cells in males.
Sex-linked
Genes that are linked on non-autosomes.
Incomplete Dominance
A blending of alleles.
Sex chromosomes
X and Y chromosomes are examples of these.
XX
The sex chromosome pattern for a normal female.
Crossing over
Gene linkages may be broken by this process.
Frameshift mutation
Mutation resulting from an extra nucleotide being inserted into a gene.
Codominance
Both alleles are expressed in this genetic interaction.
Nondisjunction mutation
An organism has an extra copy of a chromosome in all its cells.
Lysosome
Waste management of the cell, breaks down and recycles.
Cell membrane
Outside covering of cells.
Identification carbohydrates
Purpose of carbohydrates in the cell membrane.
Cytoplasm
Everything between nucleus and cell membrane.
Vacuole
Stores food, water, salts, proteins, carbohydrates, etc. for the plant cell. Big storing space regulate cell pressure
Very complex
Characteristic that is not associated with a prokaryotic cell.
Endocytosis
An example of active transport.
Passive transport
Term that includes osmosis diffusion and facilitated diffusion
Van Helmont
Who started the Experiment that showed that part of a growing plant's mass comes from water.
Aerobic Respiration
Respiration with oxygen.
Plastids
Plant organelle used to store food or pigments. Also responsible for photosynthesis
Nuclear envelope
Surrounds the nucleolus and the chromatids.
Glucose
Substance not produced in the light reactions.
False
Statement about the dark reactions of photosynthesis capturing energy in sunlight to make ATP and NADPH.
Mitochondria
Organelle where the electron transport chain occurs.
Active Transport
Process by which molecules of a substance move from areas of low concentration to areas of higher concentration.
NADPH with electrons
What goes into the dark regions.
Electron transport chain
Last stage in aerobic respiration.
Solution
the end product after every thing has been dissolved
Cytosol
Which term does not belong
Cytoskeleton Microfilament Microtubule Cytosol
Lactic Acid
What does our body make during anaerobic respiration?
Osmosis
The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.
Cells
All living things are made of
Eukaryotes
Organisms whose cells contain nuclei (Larger and more complex)
Metabolic requirements
Why does a cell need to be a certain size
Mitochondria
The organelle that is known as the powerhouse of the cell because it converts energy into its usable form is
2
What is the net amount of ATP made in Glycolysis?
Nucleus of cells
Robert Brown discovered what
Cytoskeleton
Gives cell their shape
Lose salt
A cell that has a hypertonic salt solution will
Plants and animals are made of cells
The work of Schleiden and Schwann can be summarized by saying
Cell wall
Two organelles that are common to plant but not animal cells are
Golgi body
The sorting and packaging area for proteins in the cells is
Thykaloid
What part of the chloroplast do the light reactions take place?
Prokaryotes
Organisms whose cells lack nuclei (Smaller and unicellular)
Microtubules
Hollow tubes made of protein.
Permeability
What determines if a substance can move across a membrane
Aerobic respiration
Which term is least closely related to the others?
Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic respiration Lactic acid fermentation alcoholic fermentation
Lysosome
These organelles aid in the digestion of other organelles
Proteins and RNA
The nucleolus is made up of
Flagella
LONG, whip like structures that help unicellular organisms move.
Cell wall
Gives plant (cells) structure
Organ System
group of organs that work together to perform a function
Rough ER
Proteins are modified by special enzymes in what organelle
Eukaryotic
If you observe several cells with a nuclei under the microscope, you are probably observing cells that are
PGAL
Which of these is produced in the Dark reactions?
Microfilaments
long, thin fibers that function in movement and support of the cell
Cell Theory
forms the basic framework in which biologists have tried to understand living things
Ferns
Which one is autotroph
Calvin cycle
What is another name for the dark regions in photosynthesis
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell
Solvent
the thing that is making something dissolve
Stroma of the chloroplast
where do the dark reactions happen in a plant cell
Chloroplast
Contains pigments for photosynthesis
Chlorophyll
A type of pigment found in green plants is
Golgi Apparatus
Packages Proteins
Solute
the thing that is being dissolved in a solution
2
How many ATPs are made in lactic acid fermentation?
Cilia
SHORT hairs that move unicellular organisms and help substances move across surface of cells.
Nucleus
Holds the DNA and information of the cell
Ribosomes
The most common organelle that makes proteins
Reflects green light
The leaves of a plant appear green because chlorophyll does what
Note 
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