audiology clinical prep midterm
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47 Terms
Q: What structures are in the outer ear?
A: Pinna (auricle) and external auditory meatus (EAM)
Q: What structures are in the middle ear?
A: Tympanic membrane + ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) + Eustachian tube
Q: What structures are in the inner ear?
A: Cochlea (hearing) + vestibular system (balance)
Q: What connects the nasopharynx to the middle ear?
A: Eustachian tube
Q: Function of Eustachian tube?
A: Equalizes pressure and drains fluid
Q: Outer 1/3 of EAM is made of?
A: Cartilage (has hair + cerumen)
Q: Inner 2/3 of EAM is made of?
A: Bone (no hair, more sensitive)
Q: Name the ossicles in order
A: Malleus → Incus → Stapes
Q: Function of ossicles?
A: Amplify sound to inner ear
Q: Key TM landmarks?
A: Cone of light, manubrium of malleus, umbo
Q: Base of basilar membrane responds to?
A: High frequencies
Q: Apex responds to?
A: Low frequencies
Q: What is tonotopic organization?
A: Specific areas respond to specific frequencies; base HIGH apex LOW
Q: When do you complete a case history?
A: Before evaluation
Q: Why use interpreters?
A: For accurate communication with non-English speakers
Q: Order of report info?
A:
Identifying Information
Statement of the problem
Test Results
Impressions
Recommendations
Signature Lines
Q: Why do chart notes?
A: Document sessions, track progress, legal record
Q: What is otoscopy?
A: Visual exam of ear canal + TM
Q: Proper technique?
A: Pull pinna up/back (adult), down/back (child); insert gently
Q: TM landmarks to identify?
A: Cone of light, malleus, umbo
Q: What is 3-frequency PTA? pure tone audiometry
A: Average of 500, 1000, 2000 Hz
Q: What frequency do we start testing?
A: 1000 Hz
Q: Hughson-Westlake procedure?
A: Down 10 dB, up 5 dB until threshold found
Q: Conductive hearing loss?
A: Problem in outer/middle ear
Q: Sensorineural (SNHL)?
A: Problem in inner ear or nerve
Q: Mixed loss?
A: Combination of SNHL and Conductive HL
Q: Causes of conductive loss?
A: Wax, fluid, perforation, ossicle issues
Q: Causes of SNHL?
A: Noise exposure, aging, cochlear damage
Q: Degrees of hearing loss?
A: Normal, mild, moderate, severe, profound
Q: Configurations of hearing loss?
A: Flat, sloping, rising, cookie-bite
Q: Air conduction symbols?
A: O (right), X (left)
Q: Bone conduction symbols?
A: < > [ ]
Q: SRT stands for?
A: Speech Recognition Threshold
Q: Threshold definition?
A: Lowest level heard 50% of the time
Q: Spondee words?
A: Two-syllable words with equal stress (e.g., “baseball”)
Q: Pure Tone Audiometry-Speech Recognition Threshold agreement?
A: Should be within ~10 dB
Q: Open vs closed set?
A: Open = no choices (“Repeat the word I just said” — could be any word) Closed = given options (“Which word did I say? Was it cat, hat, dog)
Q: Purpose of speech testing?
A: Assess functional hearing + understanding
Q: Monitored live voice vs recorded?
A: Recorded = more reliable
Q: Presentation level for word recognition score (wrs)?
A: ~30–40 dB above SRT
Q: Type A tymp?
A: Normal peak
Q: Type B tymp?
A: Flat (fluid or perforation)
Q: Type C tymp?
A: Negative pressure (Eustachian tube dysfunction)
Colds
Allergies
Early or resolving ear infection
Q: Low ECV (ear canal volume) means?
A: Blockage (wax)
Q: High ECV (ear canal volume) means?
A: Perforation or tube
Q: What do acoustic reflexes measure?
A: Involuntary contraction of the middle ear muscles in response to loud sounds, showing if the ear and auditory pathways (ear, cochlea, nerves, brainstem) are working properly. ear muscle response to loud sound
Q: Normal reflex levels?
A: ~70–100 dB HL
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