Life Science - Ch 11 - Animal Diversity

DNA, RNA, Protein

the THREE types of molecules that are used for organism classification

Chordata

the only phylum that contains vertebrate animals

95%

Invertebrates make up this percentage of animal species

vertebrate

animal with a backbone

invertebrate

animal without a backbone

Porifera

phylum contains asymmetrical invertebrates with no tissues

Cnidaria

phylum containing radial symmetry invertebrates that have nematocysts

Annelida

earthworms belong to this phylum

Nematocyst

stinging cells used for defense and capturing food

Echinodermata

phylum that contains sea urchins and other spiny animals

Characteristics that all animals have

multicellular and eukaryotic, specialized cells, have a protein called collagen, eat other organisms, digest their food

asymmetry

body arrangement in which body parts cannot be arranged into matching sides

Radial symmetry

arrangement of body parts in a circle around the center of the body

Bilateral symmetry

arrangement of body parts in the same way on both sides of the body

The ways animals are classified

have or don't have backbone; body symmetry; characteristics of DNA, RNA and proteins; kinds of body structures they possess

Arthropoda

phylum that has tough, flexible exoskeleton

Mollusca

phylum that has hard outer shells and include squid and octopuses

Nematoda

phylum that contains worms with round bodies (not flat bodies)

Platyhelminthes

phylum that contains worms with flat bodies

Three groups of Arthropods

Insects, Arachnids, Crustaceans

Arthropoda

phylum with the most species

Echinoderm

word that means "spiny skin"

Mollusca

the phylum with soft-bodied organisms, some of which can grow hard protective shells

Repeating segments

Annelid worms are different from other phyla of worms because they have this

Annelida

leeches belong to this phylum

exoskeleton

all arthropods have this tough, flexible outer covering

appendages

structures such as an arm or leg that extend from the central part of the body

Insects

have three pairs of jointed legs, three body segments, a pair of antennae, and a pair of compound eyes

arachnids

have four pairs of jointed legs, two body segments, and lack antennae and compound eyes

Crustaceans

have special mouth appendages that help bite and crush food

Echinodermata

sea urchins are in this phylum

Echinodermata

phylum contains organisms that move with tube feet, have a complete digestive system, and have radial symmetry

Sponges

Simplest of all invertebrates

vertebrae

Bones that form a backbone

notochord

a flexible, rod-shaped structure that supports the body of a developing chordate

Two characteristics of fish

gills that absorb oxygen gas from water and paired fins that aid in swimming

Three types of fish

Jawless, cartilaginous, bony

Bony fish

many species of fish, including trout, tuna, perch, etc.

Jawless and Cartilaginous fish

have internal support structures made of cartilage

Amphibia

Frogs, toads, and salamanders belong to this class

Amphibians

Have moist skin, lay eggs in water that don't have protective shells; the young live in water and have gills, and most adults develop lungs and live on land

Reptilia

Lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodiles, and alligators belong to this class

Reptiles

unlike amphibians, they live on land their whole lives and have dry skin covered in scales; lay eggs with protective leathery shell

Aves

all birds are in this class

beaks

birds have these; they don't chew their food but have gizzards to grind their food

Hair and fur

all mammals can grow these on their skin

Mammary glands

glands that produce milk that feeds young mammals

Four characteristics of chordates

Notochord, nerve chord, pharyngeal slits, and a tail