Unit 1: AP psychology all quizzes

What is the placebo effect?

Improvement in symptoms due to the belief that one is receiving treatment.

How can distraction help control pain?

It helps shift attention away from pain, reducing the experience of pain.

What is the primary function of the vestibular system?

Maintain balance and spatial orientation.

Which theory explains how the spinal cord serves as a neurological access point for pain?

Gate theory.

What part of the brain processes olfactory information?

Olfactory bulb.

Olfaction relates to which sense?

Smell.

Which sense is linked to memory and emotion?

Smell.

What does kinesthesia refer to?

The perception of body movement and position.

What does sensory interaction involve?

The process of one sense influencing the perception of another.

What does embodied cognition suggest?

Our thoughts and perceptions are influenced by our bodily sensations and actions.

What role do taste buds play in gustation?

They detect and transduce chemical signals from food into nerve impulses.

Which receptors are associated with balance?

Hair-like receptors in the semicircular canals of the inner ear.

What ethical concern may arise in a study involving sudden change in circadian rhythm?

The employees did not provide informed consent and were not given the option to withdraw from the study.

In what stage of sleep are hypnagogic sensations most likely to occur?

Stage 1 NREM Sleep.

What is one negative consequence of sleep deprivation?

Brain fog and trouble focusing.

What are three factors that can contribute to sleep deprivation?

Temperature of the room, using technology before sleep, and stress.

In which stage of the sleep cycle do we have vivid dreams?

REM Sleep.

How does an adult typically enter REM sleep?

After cycling through the NREM sleep stages.

What is a problematic aspect of Dr. Ravi's study on sleep deprivation?

The study raises ethical concerns because the amount of sleep deprivation could be harmful to participants.

What are symptoms of sleep apnea?

Waking up frequently, loud snoring, silent pauses in breathing, and sleepiness during the day.

What theory explains that dreams are the brain's attempt to make sense of brain activity?

Activation-synthesis theory.

What explains why a high-pitched note sounds high?

It has a short wavelength and high frequency.

What part of the ear is damaged by prolonged exposure to loud sounds?

Hair cells.

What type of hearing loss results from too much prolonged high amplitude sound?

Sensorineural hearing loss.

In place theory, where do high frequency sounds produce vibrations?

Near the beginning of the cochlea.

In frequency theory, what do nerve impulses match?

The frequency and tone of the sound wave.

True or false: When in REM sleep, our brains emit the same waves as when they are awake.

True.

What do motor efferent neurons allow for?

Quick reflex reactions to stimuli.

What part of a neuron receives chemical messages from a neighboring neuron?

Dendrites.

What part of a neuron sends chemical messages to a neighboring neuron?

Axon buttons.

What must be met for a neuron's action potential to proceed?

Threshold.

What is an agonist drug's function?

Mimics the structure of a neurotransmitter.

Which nervous system is responsible for the fearful reaction to a spider?

Sympathetic nervous system.

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system includes the functions listed in Part B?

Parasympathetic nervous system.

Which part of the nervous system directs sensory information?

Central nervous system.

What is the final phase in a neuron's action potential?

Refractory period.

Which major neural connector was severed in Sarah's surgery?

Corpus callosum.

What is the area between neurons where chemical messages are sent?

Synaptic gap.

What do sensory (afferent) neurons do?

Carry information to the central nervous system from the peripheral nervous system.

What type of neuron moves your fingers when you type?

Motor neurons.

Which part of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for voluntary actions?

Somatic nervous system.

What regulates essential body functions like heartbeat and respiration?

Autonomic nervous system.

How does the endocrine system send chemical messages?

Through hormones in the bloodstream.

What response is triggered by the adrenal gland's release of adrenaline?

Sympathetic nervous system.

What part of the brain regulates the endocrine system?

Hypothalamus.

What part of the brainstem controls breathing and heart function?

Medulla.

What directs sensory information in the brain?

Thalamus.

What regulates consciousness in the brainstem?

Reticular formation.

What connects the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain?

Pons.

What part of the brain plays a role in balance and sensory processing?

Cerebellum.

What is the hippocampus responsible for?

Longterm memory.

Which part of the brain triggers the fight or flight response?

Amygdala.

What are the frontal lobes associated with?

Critical thinking.

Which lobes processes sensory information related to sight?

Occipital lobes.

Which part of the brain processes auditory information?

Temporal lobes.

What includes the somatosensory cortex?

Parietal lobes.

What research method studies individual twins to explore the nature vs. nurture debate?

Case study.

Which is most alike among the options given?

Identical twins raised in the same environment.

What is the best example of natural selection?

More brownish moths survive predation during a drought.

What are environmental factors that affect gene expression?

Epigenetics.

What describes the influence of genes on differences among people?

Heritability.

What would the Evolutionary perspective be interested in?

Natural selection and behaviors that enhance survival and reproduction.

What are dizygotic twins?

Fraternal twins from two separate eggs.

What are monozygotic twins?

Identical twins from the same egg.

Who evaluates the impact of genetics and environment on behavior?

Behavior geneticists.

True or false: Chromosomes are made up of DNA.

True.

What does molecular genetics study?

The molecular structures and functions of genes.