Studied by 7 people
What is the order of organization? (5)
1.cells 2.tissues 3.organs 4.organ systems 5.complex organisms
what are plant cells?
basic building blocks
what are meristematic cells?
unspecialized cells
how are meristematic cells similar to stem cells in animals?
they develop into specialized cells that perform specific functions
as a tissue, where are merisematic cells found in? (2)
1.Growing tips of plant roots and leaves 2.the cambium
Where are meristematic cells active?
througout life of plant
where are epidermal cells and tissues found?
plants exterior
name 2 characteristics of epidermal cells?
clear and thin
what 2 things do epidermal cells do?
1.form a protective outer covering 2.allows for the exchange of materials and gases into and out of the cell
What 2 characteristics do leaf and stem epidermal cells have?
-forms pores (stomata) -cuticle prevents water loss
How much of the plant does ground tissue take up?
majority
What are the 3 places ground tissues can be?
1.roots 2.leaves 3.stem
What is the ground tissues in roots involved in?
food and water storage
what are ground tissues in leaves involved in?
photosynthesis
What do ground tissues in stems provide?
strength and support
What are vascular tissues?
transports water and nutrients in plants
what are the 2 types of vascular tissue?
1.xylem 2.phloem
What does xylem do?
moves water and minerals from the roots up
What does phloem do?
moves sugars to where the plants need it
Where are roots usually found?
underground
what are 4 functions of roots?
1.anchorage 2. absorption of water and dissolved minerals 3.storage (surplus sugars, starch) -movement of water/nutrients
what is the role of epidermal tissue for roots?
has root hair to increase surface area for absorption
What is the role of ground tissue for roots?
the cortex
what is the role of meristematic tissue for roots?
covered by a slippery root cap that minimizes damage to root while growing
Where is meristematic tissue located at the root?
end of root
What are the 2 types of root?
fibrous and tap root
What are fibrous roots?
spread more horizontally
What is a benefit of fibrous roots?
reduces soil erosion
What are tap roots?
spread more vertically
when do tap roots succed?
when resources are scarce
Where are stems usually found?
above ground
What are 2 functions of stems?
1.supports leaves and fruits 2.transportation of water and sugars throughout the plant
What are stems a combination of?
epidermal, ground, and vascular tissue
what do some stems have?
cambium
what does cambium tissue do in stems?
separates xylem from phloem
where is the xylem located in a plant?
near center of stem
What des cambium tissue do in stems?
seperates xylem from phloem
Where is the xylem located in a plant?
near center of stem
where is phloem located?
near epidermis
What happens to the xylem in tree when new layers are made?
old xylem becomes annual growth rings
what happens to phloem in a tree when new layers are made?
old phloem becomes bark
what do stems have?
nodes
what are nodes?
where leaves branches or flowers develop
what is the leaf in a plant?
photosynthetic factory
What is a leaf's major function?
perform photosynthesis in order to produce food for plant
what are 2 things a leaf consists of?
1.leaf blade 2.petoile
What are vascular tissues in leaves?
viens
What is the ground tissue known as in leaves?
mesophyll
what are 2 things mesophyll does in leaves?
1.photosynthesis 2.air spaces allow for gas exchange
What can roots be modifed to increase?
storage capacity
What is an example of roots being modified?
carrots and beets
What are prop roots?
sprout above ground to increase stability
What is another type of root that can grow above ground?
aerial roots
how can stems be modified?
store water/carbohydrates
what is an example of stems being specialized?
bulbs surrounded by leaves such as onion or garlic
where else can stems grow?
slong soil as stolons
What is an example of a stolon?
strawberry
what can stems also be?
vines
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