3:09 plant anatomy

What is the order of organization? (5)

1.cells
2.tissues
3.organs
4.organ systems
5.complex organisms

what are plant cells?

basic building blocks

what are meristematic cells?

unspecialized cells

how are meristematic cells similar to stem cells in animals?

they develop into specialized cells that perform specific functions

as a tissue, where are merisematic cells found in? (2)

1.Growing tips of plant roots and leaves
2.the cambium

Where are meristematic cells active?

througout life of plant

where are epidermal cells and tissues found?

plants exterior

name 2 characteristics of epidermal cells?

clear and thin

what 2 things do epidermal cells do?

1.form a protective outer covering
2.allows for the exchange of materials and gases into and out of the cell

What 2 characteristics do leaf and stem epidermal cells have?

-forms pores (stomata)
-cuticle prevents water loss

How much of the plant does ground tissue take up?

majority

What are the 3 places ground tissues can be?

1.roots
2.leaves
3.stem

What is the ground tissues in roots involved in?

food and water storage

what are ground tissues in leaves involved in?

photosynthesis

What do ground tissues in stems provide?

strength and support

What are vascular tissues?

transports water and nutrients in plants

what are the 2 types of vascular tissue?

1.xylem
2.phloem

What does xylem do?

moves water and minerals from the roots up

What does phloem do?

moves sugars to where the plants need it

Where are roots usually found?

underground

what are 4 functions of roots?

1.anchorage
2. absorption of water and dissolved minerals
3.storage (surplus sugars, starch)
-movement of water/nutrients

what is the role of epidermal tissue for roots?

has root hair to increase surface area for absorption

What is the role of ground tissue for roots?

the cortex

what is the role of meristematic tissue for roots?

covered by a slippery root cap that minimizes damage to root while growing

Where is meristematic tissue located at the root?

end of root

What are the 2 types of root?

fibrous and tap root

What are fibrous roots?

spread more horizontally

What is a benefit of fibrous roots?

reduces soil erosion

What are tap roots?

spread more vertically

when do tap roots succed?

when resources are scarce

Where are stems usually found?

above ground

What are 2 functions of stems?

1.supports leaves and fruits
2.transportation of water and sugars throughout the plant

What are stems a combination of?

epidermal, ground, and vascular tissue

what do some stems have?

cambium

what does cambium tissue do in stems?

separates xylem from phloem

where is the xylem located in a plant?

near center of stem

What des cambium tissue do in stems?

seperates xylem from phloem

Where is the xylem located in a plant?

near center of stem

where is phloem located?

near epidermis

What happens to the xylem in tree when new layers are made?

old xylem becomes annual growth rings

what happens to phloem in a tree when new layers are made?

old phloem becomes bark

what do stems have?

nodes

what are nodes?

where leaves branches or flowers develop

what is the leaf in a plant?

photosynthetic factory

What is a leaf's major function?

perform photosynthesis in order to produce food for plant

what are 2 things a leaf consists of?

1.leaf blade
2.petoile

What are vascular tissues in leaves?

viens

What is the ground tissue known as in leaves?

mesophyll

what are 2 things mesophyll does in leaves?

1.photosynthesis
2.air spaces allow for gas exchange

What can roots be modifed to increase?

storage capacity

What is an example of roots being modified?

carrots and beets

What are prop roots?

sprout above ground to increase stability

What is another type of root that can grow above ground?

aerial roots

how can stems be modified?

store water/carbohydrates

what is an example of stems being specialized?

bulbs surrounded by leaves such as onion or garlic

where else can stems grow?

slong soil as stolons

What is an example of a stolon?

strawberry

what can stems also be?

vines