Final for intro

NAVTA

national assosiation of veterinary technicians of america

CVTS

committee on veterinary technician specialties

what are the nine domains

pharmacy/ pharmacology, surgical nursing, dentistry, laboratory procedures, animal care and nursing, diagnostic imaging, anesthesia, emergency medicine/ critical care and pain management

what can only a vet do

prescribe diagnose prognose and perform surgey

what can happen if you are in violation of the stare practice act

monetary penalties, imprisonment or both.

what can happen if you are in violation of a regulation

monetary penalty, possible sanctions against the violators license.

what are the three levels of supervision

immediate- vet with direct eyesight and hearing range
direct- on premises and readily available
indirect- ver is not on premises

OSHA

occupational safety and health administration

what does osha do

enforced federal laws, ensure safe work place

what is a zoonotic disease and some examples

a disease from animal to human, rabies or influenza

what are some types of aggression

dominance submission fear

what are some tools to use to restrain a dog

towel, muzzle, air muzzle for brachycephalic, gauze muzzle or chemical restraint

what are some tools used for restraining a cat

leather gloves ( not ideal) air muzzle, kitty burrito, feline muzzle

what is the normal temp for dogs/cats

100-102.2 F

What is the the normal heart rate of dogs

80-120 bpm ( small dogs/puppies can go to 200)

what is the heart rate for cats

150-210 bpm

what is the RR of dogs

8-20 rpm

what is a cats respiratory

8-30 rpm

what should the capilary refill time be

< 2 sec

what are the colors of the MM and what do they mean

Pale- anemia Brick red-sepsis cyanotic- heart or lung disease icteric- liver disease petechiation- coagulation disorder

FORL

feline oral resorptive lesions

where can you find lymph nodes

head neck and rear legs

what are you educating the owner with

parasite control, behavior, training, exercise, nutrition, and spaying/neutering and potential toxic foods

what are some things to focus on for adult/ mature animals

update history, dental health, parasite control, vaccine review, screening test

what are some routine grooming procedures

bath ear cleaning removing discharge nail trims and remove matted hair

what is passive immunity

maternal antibodies

what is active immunity

antigens

what is an infectious vaccine

pathogens altered to not cause disease by can still infect host cells. (can cause disease)

what is noninfectious vaccine

whole pathogens or subunits can (not cause disease)

what are some routes of administration

subcutaneous, intranasal or transdermal

AAFP

american association of feline practitioners

AAHA

american animal hospital association

what is a core vaccine

necessary for all aniamls

what is non core vaccine

recommended but not necessary

what are the core vaccines for cats

rabies FVRCP feline viral rhinotracheitis calciviris panleukopenia

what are some non core vaccines for cats

bordetella, feline leukemia virus

what are some core vaccines for dogs

rabies, canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus type 2

what are some non core vaccines

leptospirosis, canine influenza, bordetella

what are some adverse effects of vaccines

anaphylaxis, delayed hypersensitivity and breed predisposition.

how to know when to deworm horses

based off the fecal egg count

what is anatomy

form and structure ( regional, systemic, microscopic macroscpoic (gross) anatomy)

what is physiology

functions

what is microscopic anatomy

seen with microscope such as cells or tissues

what is macroscopic anatomy

seen with the eye such as organs muscles or bones

what does the dorsal cavity include

CNS cranial and spinal cavity

what does the ventral cavity have

thorax abdomen and viscera

the cranial thoracic activity has what structures

heart, lungs, major blood vessels, and esophagus

what is included in the abdomen

digestive organs, urinary organs, and reproductive organs

what is the thoracic covered with

pleura

what is the abdominal cavity

peritoneum

what is the organization of the body

cells (basic unit of life), tissues (group of specialized cells) , organs(groups of tissues working together) , systems (group of organs)

what are some single and occurring pairs of organs

single- brain heart uterus
occurring- eyes lungs and kidneys

define health

state of normal and physiology

define disease

structures or functions of the body become abnormal

what is homestasis

maintenance of dynamic equilibrium, maintain body balance of structures functions and properties and make life possible

what is instrument care

scrub in warm water with detergent, ultrasonic cleaner, rinse with water and air dry lastly place in milk bath

what is the aseptic technique

asepsis no living organisms present, properly sterilizing surgical equipment cleaning the operating room scrubbing and draping

what are some sources of microorganisms

exogenous ( air pt skin surgical team surgical supplies) and endogenous (bacteremia though bloodstream)

what are the surgery designation

clean (100% sterile) clean contaminated (passed around) contaminated ( handled by vet) dirty (used in surgery)

what is sterilization

elimination or destruction of all living organisms from a material

what is disinfection

destruction of vegetative form of bacteria but not the spores

what are some physical methods or sterilization

filtration, radiation, heat (moist wet dry) MOST AUTOCLAVES USE STREAM UNDER PRESSUE, autoclaves, flash sterilization, indicators

what are some chemical methods or sterilization

liquid (glutaraldehyde) and gas ( ethylene oxide, hydrogen peroxide gas plasma)

what are some chemical disinfection

chlorhexidine (against bacteria, mold yeast and viruses) and Iodine ( surgical prep and topical wounds and povidone idodine is most common)

what are some other chemical disinfection

alcohols, phenols (not used as much), quaternary ammonium and chloride (bleach)

what is aldehyde

formaldehyde and glutataldehyde, toxic and irritating, antimicrobial

what is cold sterilization

soaking instruments in disinfecting solutions (chlorhexidine)

how should the operating room be

simple and uncluttered, daily cleaning after surgery or end of day and weekly cleaning of floor and beneath moveable objects

how to do surgical scrub

3-5 cycles outward spirals, alternate with alcohol/ sterile saline

what is the surgical hand scrub

surgical cap/mask on jewlery off, nail picks, gown pack and gloves opened before scrub, sterile to not sterile hand/forearm position, scrub brushes, counted brush strokes or timed

how do you maintain sterility

nonsterile personnel touch only to nonsterile items NEVER REACH OVER STERILE FIELDS, sterile personnel only touch sterile items ALWAYS FACE STERILE FIELD, scrubbed in personnel keep hands above waist level.

what is pain

unpleasant sensory/emotional experience, 4th vital sign

what is nociception

detection by the NS for potential/actual tissue injury

physiologic pain

ouch pain, treatable and resolved when healing is complete, promotes survival by preventing injury

pathologic pain

amplified/ persistent difficult to treat

how many types and what are the types of pain

5, inflammatory, neuropathic, idiopathic, acute and chronic

what is inflammatory

occurs at site of injury due to release of inflammatory mediators

what is neuropathic pain

results from injury to NS (nerve damage)

what is idiopathic

no identifiable cause can be determined

what is acute pain

onset after injury and resolves when healing is complete

what is chronic

can last weeks months years, more challenging to treat

what is visceral and somatic pain and why is it important

visceral- originates from organs
somatic- musculoskeletal system
helps determine which drugs/methods to use

the pain pathway

transduction- mechanical thermal chemical stimuli turns into electrical signals by pain receptors,
transmission- sensory impulses conducted to spinal cord by peripheral nerve fibers
modulation- impulses are altered by other neurons in the spinal cord
perception- impulses are transmitted to the brain where they are processed and recognized

what is multimodal therapy

using several analgesic drugs each with different mechanisms of action

what are some consequences of untreated pain

immune system suppression, pain promotes inflammation which delays wound healing, pt suffering

what can pain hypersensitivity cause

peripheral hypersensitivity and CNS hypersensitivity

what is primary hyperalgesia

increase sensitivity to a painful stimulus

what is secondary hyperalgesia

Prevents windup

what is the quality of life

5 freedoms, freedom of hunger, thirst, discomfort, disease, injury and pain

what are some pain control options

opiods, NSAID, local anesthetics, ketamine, tramadol ( not being used as much), tranquilizers, gabapentin

what are some routes of administration for local/regional anesthetics

topical, local inflitration, dental nerve block, IV, epidural nerve block

what are some opioids used as analgesics

fentanyl, oxymorphone, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, bupernorphine, butophanol

NSAID

Non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs

what are some NSAIDS

Carprofen, ketoprofen, firocoxib, deracoxib, robenacoxib,

what does grapiprant do

focuses on major receptors pathway responsible for pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis

what are some nonpharmacologic therapies

acupuncture, massage therapy, laser therapy thermotherapy, therapeutic ultrasound.

what is anelgesia

inability to feel pain

what is anesthesia

absence of sensation

what to ask before anesthesia

fasting, current condition, medications, scheduled procedure , current on preventive care

what are some important components to do while physical assessment

LOC, vitals, respiratory sounds, palpate pulse, auscultate heart, BCS CRT