Translation Transformations

Flashcards based on key concepts and methods of translation transformations discussed in the lecture.

What are the two main classifications of translation transformations?

Lexical and grammatical transformations.

What is the essence of lexical transformations in translation?

Replacing the original lexical unit with another word or phrase that conveys the meaning in context.

Define specification as a translation transformation.

It is the replacement of a word or phrase in the source language with a narrower meaning in the target language.

What does generalization involve in translation?

Replacing a source language unit with a target language unit that has a broader meaning.

What is semantic development (modulation) in the context of translation transformations?

Replacing a source language word or phrase with a target language unit whose meaning is logically deduced from the original.

What is antonymic translation?

A transformation where the affirmative form in the original is replaced by a negative form in translation, or vice versa.

Describe holistic transformation as a translation method.

A process that changes the internal form of a linguistic unit from a single word to a more complex construction without a direct connection.

What does compensation in translation refer to?

A method where lost elements of meaning are rendered in the target text through different means.

What is descriptive translation (explication)?

A transformation where the source language unit is replaced by a target language phrase that explains its meaning.

List one of the grammatical transformations in translation.

Syntactic assimilation, sentence partitioning, or grammatical substitutions.

What is syntactic assimilation?

A translation method where the syntactic structure of the original fully corresponds to the syntactic structure in the target language.

What is sentence partitioning in translation?

Turning the syntactic structure of the original sentence into two or more predicative structures in the target language.

Explain the concept of grammatical substitutions.

Where a source language grammatical unit is replaced by a target language unit with a different grammatical meaning.

How is addition used in translation?

To express implicit meanings not overtly stated in the original.

What is omission in translation practice?

Excluding semantically redundant words from the translation.