Greek History

Dorians

Ionians

More violent, sacked many Greek states

More into culture, sacked coastal parts of the Greek world

Helot

Athenian slaves captured by Spartans

Solon

Creator of Meritocracy

Pentakosiomedimnoi

Produce 500 or more bushels of wheat

Hippeis

Produce 300-500 bushels of wheat

Zeugetai

Produce 200-300 bushels of wheat

Thetes

Produce less than 200 bushels of wheat

Cleisthenes and Ostrakon

Cleisthenes was the founder of democracy

An ostrakon was a peace of pottery where you could write the name of someone you wanted exiled

Cyrus

King of Persia

Croesus

King of Lydia

Cambyses

Son of Cyrus

King Darius

King of Persia

Aristagoras

Tyrant of Miletus

Herodotus

Wrote the persian wars

Thucydides

Wrote the peloponesian wars

Satrap

Governor of a Persian province

Pheiddippides

Messenger who ran from marathon to Athens to declare “Nike” or “Victory” then died from exhaustion

Battle of Marathon

Athenian General:

Persian General:

Athenian problem: Heavily outnumbered

Miltiades solution:

Battle of Marathon

Athenian General: Miltiades

Persian General: King Darius I

Athenians Problem: Heavily outnumbered

Miltiades solution: Thin out the center line of the Athenian army and strengthen the sides, so when the Persians pushed through the middle they would be surrounded and defeated

Battle of Themoplyae

Athenian General:

Persian General:

Persian problem:

Xerxes solution:

Athenian Problem:

Themistocles solution:

Battle of Themoplyae / Salamis

Athenian General: Themoplyae

Persian General: Xerxes

Persian problem: Xerxes army couldn’t cross the waters of Hellespont due to storms

Xerxes solution: Stack 100s of ships next to each other with strong woof planks on top of them

Athenian Problem: Persians forced Athenians to retreat to the Island of Salamis

Themistocles solution: Sent a message to Xerxes that they were defecting the battle so when the Persians came the Greek Triremes rammed into the Persian ships forcing them to retreat

Delian League

Why was it formed

problem

Why it was formed: To protect the Greek city states from more Persian attacks

Problem: Athens became too powerful

Peloponnesian League

Kleon:

Alkibiades:

Nikias:

Spartas plan after:

Aegospotami:

Kleon: Wanted to have an agressive approach to Sparta

Alkibiades: Partied the night before the attack of Syracuse and committed sacrilege so he joined forces with Sparta out of fear from Athens

Nikias: The new general of Athens who wanted to take a more passive approach but he was so cautious, he gave Syracuse time to prepare their attack and destroyed most of the Athenian army

Spartas plan after: Block the laurion silver mines therefore destroying Athens economy, and seek financial support from Persia

Aegospotami: Spartan fleet headed to Aegospotami to block the grain supply of Athens forcing them to surrender