Computer Science Basics

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the basic concepts of computer systems, hardware components, and functions essential for understanding computers.

Computer

A device that processes data and performs calculations.

General-purpose computers

Devices used for multiple tasks (desktop, laptop, phone, tablet).

Special-purpose computers

Devices designed for specific tasks (clocks, ATMs, cars, alarms).

Hardware

The physical components of a computer.

Operating System (OS)

Software that allows communication between the user, programs, and hardware.

Applications

Programs that perform specific tasks.

Input

Data entered into a computer (keyboard, mouse, screen).

Processing

CPU performing calculations and operations.

Output

The result displayed on a screen or through speakers.

Data storage

Storing data and communicating with other computers.

Components of a computer system

Hardware, operating system, and applications.

Input devices

Devices like keyboards and mice used to enter data.

Output devices

Devices like monitors and speakers used to present data.

Motherboard

The main board connecting all components.

CPU

The main processor executing instructions.

RAM

Temporary memory for active data.

Long-term storage

Permanent data storage (SSD, HDD).

Power Supply

Provides power to all components.

BIOS/UEFI

Firmware that initializes hardware during boot.

Drivers

Programs that enable communication between OS and devices.

Virtual Memory

Disk space used as if it were RAM.

Chipset

A system of multiple chips managing communication.

ECC RAM

Memory that detects and corrects errors.

DDR (Double Data Rate)

A type of RAM that transfers data twice per cycle.

RISC

Architecture with simplified instructions.

BIOS

Basic Input/Output System, the firmware for booting.

Secure Boot

A feature ensuring only trusted software loads at startup.

SSD

Solid State Drive, a type of long-term storage.

HDD

Hard Disk Drive, a traditional storage device.

USB

Universal Serial Bus, a standard for connecting peripherals.

Overclocking

Increasing the clock speed of a CPU beyond factory settings.

Cache

Small-sized type of volatile computer memory that provides high-speed data access.

64-bit system

A system capable of processing 64 bits of data at once.

Intel 8088

An early processor introduced in 1979 with an 8-bit data bus.

Latency

Delay in operation completion, often referenced as CAS latency in RAM.

Motherboard Components

Includes CPU, RAM slots, and power connectors.

Power Management

Controls energy usage and efficiency of components.

Computer Architecture

The design and organization of a computer's components.

Data bus

A system within a computer or device, consisting of a wires or conductors, that carries data.