Exam 2 United States II First List

W.E.B. Dubois

• was an African American leader, teacher, and writer who worked for equal rights.

• He led the Niagara Movement to demand immediate political and social equality

• helped found the NAACP to fight racial violence and discrimination, and edited the magazine The Crisis to speak out against racism and inform the public about civil rights issues.

• believed that progress for African Americans should come through strong leadership and direct action, not by passively accepting discrimination.

• His idea of the “Talented Tenth” argued that the top 10% of educated Black Americans should lead the fight for equality and uplift the wider community.

• Unlike Booker T. Washington, who encouraged gradual progress, Du Bois insisted that Black Americans should demand their full rights immediately rather than “beg” for them. Through his work with the NAACP.

1. W.E.B. Du Bois believed that African Americans should:

C. Demand immediate equality

The Niagara Movement was created to:

B. Demand immediate civil rights

What was the purpose of the “Talented Tenth”?

C. Have top Black leaders guide progress

4. How did Du Bois differ from Booker T. Washington?

C. Du Bois demanded immediate rights

Who proposed the “Talented Tenth”?

W.E.B. Du Bois

Who helped found the NAACP, and what was its purpose?

B. W.E.B. Du Bois and others; to fight racial discrimination and violence

Alice Paul -

• She was born in 1885 and became one of the most influential figures in the women’s suffrage movement.

• Paul is best known for her work with the National Woman's Party, which she founded to push for a constitutional amendment guaranteeing women the right to vote.

• One of her biggest achievements was helping lead the campaign for the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which was ratified in 1920 and granted American women the right to vote.

• She was also known for more radical tactics at the time, including organizing protests outside the White House—the first group ever to do so—and enduring arrest and force-feeding during hunger strikes while imprisoned.

• Later in life, Paul continued advocating for gender equality, including authoring the Equal Rights Amendment, which aimed to guarantee equal legal rights for all Americans regardless of sex.

The Nineteenth Amendment:

Gave women the right to vote

Which tactic did Alice Paul use?

Hunger strikes, protests, and picketing the White House

Later in life, Alice Paul promoted:

The Equal Rights Amendment for gender equality

Jane Addams

as known for her work in social reform, women’s rights, and peace activism. Her major accomplishments include: 2nats to get education

1.   Co-founding Hull House (1889) – A settlement house in Chicago that helped immigrants and the urban poor by providing education, childcare, job training, and cultural programs.

2.   Advancing Social Reform – Advocated for better working conditions, child labor laws, and public health initiatives.

3.   Women’s Suffrage – Supported the movement to give women the right to vote.

4.   Peace Activism – Promoted international peace, especially during World War I, and helped found the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom.

5.   Nobel Peace Prize (1931) – First American woman to receive the prize for her lifelong efforts in promoting social justice and peace.

Jane Addams was the first women to what?

 First American woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize

Jane Addams is most known for:

Jane Addams supported women’s suffrage because she believed:

In addition to Hull House, Jane Addams contributed to the women’s suffrage movement by:

B. Supporting campaigns for women’s right to vote

Why did Jane Addams think women should vote?

To influence social reform and public policy

Muckrakers were:

journalists exposing  corrupt machine politics, poor working conditions in factories, or the questionable living conditions of the working class

Who named the muckrakers?

Theodore Roosevelt

What was a result of muckrakers’ work?

Government reforms

What kinds of issues did muckrakers expose?

Factory working conditions, political corruption, and poor living conditions

How did Upton Sinclair help the public?

By exposing unsafe food practices in his book The Jungle

Which law was influenced by muckrakers like Upton Sinclair?

The Food and Drug Act (FDA)

How did muckrakers influence presidents?

Their reports guided reforms and policy decisions

Muckrakers

• A group of journalists and writers who exposed problems in American society and urged the public to identify solutions.

• Whether those problems were associated with corrupt machine politics, poor working conditions in factories, or the questionable living conditions of the working class (among others),

• muckrakers shined a light on the problem and provoked outraged responses from Americans. President Theodore Roosevelt named them the “muckrakers,” as even though he was a progressive he didn’t like they way they handled it.

• Many presidents, including Theodore Roosevelt and Franklin D. Roosevelt, paid attention to their reports and used them to guide reforms. One of the most famous muckrakers was Upton Sinclair, whose work helped lead to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

What is an initiative?

Citizens propose laws

What is a recall?

Removing an elected official

What is a Referendum:

Lets voters approve or reject a law that has already been passed by the legislature.

The Sixteenth Amendment:

Established the federal income tax

The Seventeenth Amendment:

allowed for the direct election of senators

The Eighteenth Amendment:

Banned alcohol

The Federal Reserve System is responsible for:

regulates the money supply and banking system, which is different from funds held in the U.S. Treasury.

How many regional Federal Reserve Banks are there?

12

How does the Federal Reserve act as a “lender of last resort”?

By lending money to banks during financial crises

What is the difference between the Federal Reserve and the U.S. Treasury?

The Treasury manages taxes; the Fed regulates banks and money supply

What is one main goal of the Federal Reserve?

Control the money supply and maintain economic stability

Who established the Federal Reserve

President Woodrow Wilson.

Federal Reserve

• was established under President Woodrow Wilson.

• It is a system of banks that helps manage and stabilize the U.S. economy.

• It does not simply “make money,” but instead regulates the money supply and banking system, which is different from funds held in the U.S. Treasury.

• Control inflation and interest rates and serve as a lender of last resort in financial crises.  I

• t is made up of 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks and a Board of Governors in Washington, D.C. 

What was the Keating-Owen Act?

A law that tried to limit child labor.