BIO 2 TEST 3 QUIZLET (Part 1 of 6 – Animal Form & Homeostasis)

Animals

multicellular eukaryotes that ingest food and lack cell walls

Eukaryotic animal cells

contain membrane-bound organelles and no cell wall

Heterotrophic

must consume organic material for energy and nutrients

Glucose use

primary fuel for ATP through aerobic respiration

Glycogen

stored form of glucose in animals

Homeostasis

maintenance of stable internal conditions

Embryonic development

animals share common developmental patterns

Levels of organization

chemical cellular tissue organ organ-system organism

Chemical level

atoms and molecules such as DNA and water

Cellular level

includes organelles like nucleus mitochondria Golgi apparatus

Plasma membrane

semipermeable phospholipid bilayer surrounding animal cells

Tissue

group of cells with similar function

Epithelial tissue

tightly packed cells covering surfaces and lining organs

Epithelial tissue function

protection absorption and secretion

Connective tissue

supports and binds other tissues

Cartilage

flexible connective tissue that cushions joints

Bone

rigid connective tissue with collagen and calcium salts

Blood

connective tissue that transports gases nutrients and wastes

Dense connective tissue

forms tendons and ligaments

Loose connective tissue

holds organs in place and provides framework

Adipose tissue

fat tissue for protection and energy storage

Muscle tissue

contracts to move body parts

Skeletal muscle

voluntary striated muscle attached to bone

Cardiac muscle

involuntary striated muscle in the heart

Smooth muscle

involuntary nonstriated muscle in organs and vessels

Nervous tissue

composed of neurons for electrical communication

Neuron

cell that transmits electrical impulses

Impulse

electrical signal for communication and control

Organ

structure composed of multiple tissue types with a specific function

Organ system

group of organs working together for common functions

Major animal organ systems

circulatory digestive endocrine excretory immune integumentary muscular nervous reproductive respiratory

Homeostasis definition

regulation of internal environment within normal range

Negative feedback

mechanism that reverses a deviation from a set point

Positive feedback

mechanism that amplifies a response until endpoint reached

Example negative feedback

body temperature regulation by sweating or shivering

Example positive feedback

oxytocin increasing uterine contractions during birth

Intracellular fluid

fluid within cells

Extracellular fluid

fluid outside cells including plasma and interstitial fluid

Obligatory water loss

minimal water that must be lost to excrete wastes

Tonicity

relative solute concentration affecting water movement in cells

Organ system coordination

maintains overall homeostasis through communication