The Nervous System

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52 Terms

1

What is the primary role of the Nervous System (NS)?

To send signals throughout the body to maintain homeostasis, control movement, and thoughts.

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2

What are the four main functions of the Nervous System?

Reception of sensory information, receiving special sensations, integration of sensory information, and response generation.

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3

What does reception of general sensory information relate to?

Touch senses.

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4

What are the special sensations that the Nervous System perceives?

Taste, smell, vision, and sounds.

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5

What are the two major categories of functions of the NS?

Somatic functions and autonomic functions.

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6

What are somatic functions?

Voluntary functions that a person can control, like picking up a pencil.

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7

What are autonomic functions?

Involuntary functions that a person cannot control, like heart beating.

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8

What are the two main divisions of the Nervous System?

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

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9

What does the Central Nervous System consist of?

The brain and spinal cord.

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10

What is the role of the Peripheral Nervous System?

To connect the CNS to the rest of the body through nerves.

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11

What are the three general functions of the NS?

Sensory Input, Integration, and Motor Output.

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12

What is sensory input?

Information gathered through sensory systems such as vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell.

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13

What does integration refer to in the context of the NS?

The process of interpreting sensory input to make a decision.

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14

What is motor output?

The response carried out by effector organs like muscles and glands.

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15

What is the pathway of a nerve impulse?

Sensory receptor; sensory neuron; interneuron; another interneuron; motor neuron; effector.

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16

What is the function of a sensory receptor?

To monitor changes inside and outside the body.

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17

What is the role of sensory neurons?

To activate and transmit sensory input from the environment.

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18

What is an interneuron?

A neuron that transmits impulses between other neurons, especially as part of a reflex arc.

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19

What is a reflex arc?

A neural pathway that controls reflex actions.

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20

What is the function of a motor neuron?

To send commands from the brain to muscles to enable movement.

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21

What is an effector in the Nervous System?

A cell that reacts in response to stimuli.

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22

What are the meniges?

The protective coverings of the brain and spinal cord.

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23

What is the function of the Dura Mater?

To cover and protect the brain and spinal cord as the tough outer layer.

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24

What does the Arachnoid Mater do?

Acts as a thin, transparent membrane surrounding the spinal cord.

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25

What is the Pia Mater?

The delicate innermost layer of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

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26

What are the two divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System?

Parasympathetic Division and Sympathetic Division.

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27

What does the Parasympathetic Division do?

Operates under normal conditions.

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28

What is the role of the Sympathetic Division?

Operates under stressful or fearful conditions.

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29

What is the largest portion of the brain?

Cerebrum.

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30

What functions does the Diencephalon serve?

Processes sensory input.

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31

What is the function of the Cerebellum?

Coordinates muscle activity and balance.

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32

What is the role of the Brain Stem?

Regulates actions of internal organs and maintains internal stability.

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33

What is the Corpus Callosum?

Connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum.

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34

What are gyri and sulci?

Gyri are the raised areas and sulci are the grooves in the brain that increase surface area.

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35

What are the ventricles in the brain?

Cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

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36

What is the cerebral cortex?

The outer layer of the cerebrum made of gray matter.

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37

What is the role of the Thalamus?

Directs sensory information to the correct location.

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38

What does the Hypothalamus maintain?

Homeostasis.

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39

What is the Limbic System responsible for?

Controls emotional experiences.

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40

What is the function of the Pituitary Gland?

Acts as the master gland of the body and produces hormones.

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41

What are the four lobes of the brain?

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, and Occipital.

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42

What does the sensory oracle do?

Interprets sensory input (sensations).

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43

What is the role of the association area in the brain?

Analyzes and interprets sensory input.

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44

What are the main regions of the Brain Stem?

Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongata.

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45

What does the Medulla Oblongata control?

Heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure.

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46

What is the responsibility of the right side of the brain?

Includes decision making, art, and controls the left side of the body.

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47

What functions does the left side of the brain primarily handle?

Analyzing, sequencing, and controlling the right side of the body.

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48

What is Broca’s Area responsible for?

Forming sentences and speaking.

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49

What does Wernicke’s Area do?

Handles understanding of sentences.

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50

What part of the brain controls balance and coordinates muscular activity?

Cerebellum.

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51

What does the right motor cortex do?

Moves the left side of the body.

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52

What does the left sensory cortex do?

Detects sensation in the right side of the body.

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