APUSH Time Period 1 & 2 Review

New Technology

gunpowder, sailing copass, printing press

Religious Conflict

Protestant Revolt (began in early 1500s and ended in 1600s, North Europe)

Expanding Trade

1. Henry the Navigator (Portugal’s Prince who created sea route along South Africa)

2. Slave Trading- began in the 15th Century

List of Nation-States

1. Spain (Isabella and Ferdinand)

2. Portugal (Henry the Navigator)

3. France

4. England

Claimed Land in the New World

1. Spanish and Portugeuse Claim Land

2. Treaty of Tordesillas (moved the Pope’s line to the left)(signed by Spain and Portugal)

3. English Claims (John Cabot)

Columbian Exchange

1. Horses

2. New technology (wheels, guns)

3. Diseases (smallpox, measles, malaria)

Joint Stock Companies

Business owned by many investors

Spanish Exploration and Conquest

1. Hernan Cortes- conquest of Aztecs

2. Francisco Pizzaro- conquest of Incas

Encomienda System

used for labor, forced to work

Asiento System

colonists pay tax for each enslaved person to the King

Spanish Caste System

1. Pure-Blood Spainards 2. Mixture 3. Pure Indian/ Black

Bartholome de Las Casas

a Spanish clergymen that fought against slavery and had different views of Native Americans

New Laws of 1542

ended Indian slavery

Valladolid Debate

debate on role of Indians (Native Americans) in Spanish colonies

Juan Gines de Sepul Veda

a man that argued that Indians are less than human

French Trading Posts

1. St. Lawerence Valley

2. Great Lakes

Spanish Colonies

1. Florida (Juan Ponce de Leon)

2. New Mexico and Arizona (1598)

French Colonies

1. Quebec

2. Louisiana (Founded by Louis Jolliet and Father Jacques Marquette)

3. New Orleans

Dutch Colonies

1. Henry Hudson- founded the Hudson River

2. New Amsterdam (New York)- Dutch West India Company

British Colonies

1. Jamestown

2. Plymouth

Jamestown

• Founded by the Virginia Company in 1607

• Captain John Smith (lead Jamestown for the first 5 years, causing survival)

• Early Problems: Location and NO Work Ethic

• Many died of starvation

Plymouth

• Separatists- wanted a completely different Church

• William Bradford (Governor)

• Pilgrams- separatists that left England for religious reasons

  • The Mayflower

Massachusetts Bay Colony

• John Winthrope- led the Puritans and found Boston (Governor)

• “City on a Hill”

• Puritans (belived the Church of England could be reformed)

  • Great Migration (religious and poltical conflict caused 15,000 to leave for MBC)

Maryland

• Act of Toleration (granted religious freedom, 1st Colonial Statue)

• Cecil Calvert- 2nd Baron Baltimore was an English politician and lawyer who was the first proprietor of Maryland.

• Founded by Lord Baltimore

• Three Sisters

• TOBACCO

Rhode Island

• Religious Tolerance

• Roger Williams- respected Puritan Minister (fled to Providence, creating it in 1636)

• Anne Hutchinson- questioned the doctrine of Puritan authorities

• Antinomianism- an idea that said since people received salvation, they were not required to follow traditional moral laws

Connecticut

• Thomas Hooker- led group of Boston Puritans, founded Hartford in 1636

• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- created a government

• John Davenport- created South of Hartford

New Hampshire

• Last Colony to be founded

• Halfway Covenant- used to become political members

Restoration Colonies

1. New York

2. The Carolinas

3. Pennslyvania

4. Georgia

The Carolinas

• A group of planters that came from the Carribbean arrived in the Carolinas

• Charlestown

• Crops Grown: Rice, Indigo

• Anglo-Spanish Wars!

Pennslyvania

• “The Holy Experiment”

• Founded by William Penn- aristocratic Englishman

• Quakers- refused to pay taxes to support the Church of England

New York

• Used to split NJ and close gap between Chesapeake and New England

• Very diverse (Swedes, Dutch, English)

• Established by Dutch-West India Company

Georgia

• Founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe

• Used as a buffer between the Valuable Carolinas and Spanish Florida and French Lousiana

• Port City Savannah- Diverse Community!
  

Early Political Institutions

1. House of Burgesses- a representative assembly in Virginia

2. Mayflower Compact- a representative government in New England

Transatlantic Trade

• Triangular Trade

Navigation Acts (1650-1673)

prohibited colonies from exporting certain products to countries other than Britain and those countries' colonies

Salutary Neglect

an unofficial 17th- and 18th-century British policy of laxly enforcing parliamentary trade laws (like the Navigation Acts) in the American colonies

Glorious Revolution

restricted royal power and enhanced Parliament's authority

The Starving Time

time period of severe starvation, causing the deaths of thousands of early settlers in Jamestown

Widowarchy

high mortality rates caused women to take head of house roles OUT OF NECESSITY!

Anglo-Powhatan War

English did not want peace. Virginia Company called for a “Perpetual War” against the natives

Tide Waters

wealthy slave owners

Piedmonts

poor small farmers/ workers

John Rolfe

brings tabacco to the colony which brings profit to the company

Nathaniel Bacon’s Rebellion

Piedmonts v. Governor Willaim Berkley; upper class planters searched for laborers less likely to rebel and easier to control

New England Colonies

1. Plymouth

2. Massachusetts Bay Colony

3. Connecticut

4. Rhode Island

5. New Hampshire

The Pequot Wars

the English attacked Pequot village on Mystic River, the Pequot were annhilated

King Philips War (Metacom’s War)

the last big threat to New England as the natives were pushed West. Ended in failure for the Natives