Depth topic 1 American colonies

What were the thirteen american colonies?

New hampshire

New york

New jersey

delaware

maryland

pennsylvania

virginia south carolina

georgia

massachusetts

rhode island maine

some of the acts passed that annoyed the colonists?

stamp act 1765

sugar act 1764

sons of liberty?

protestors who lead the crowds in boston

called for a boycott

taring and feathering?

practice of covering compliant merchants it tar and feathers

tax collectors were also targeted

who was thomas paine

english born enlightnement thinker

Boston massacre?

1770

crowd of 100,5 killed

Sam adams made it known it was a massacre

mercantilism?

maximising exports minimising import

1776 quartering act?

required colonies to provide british soldiers with accommodation

bare jarring

quebec act 1774?

Focused on canada not america

series of compromises to please the french

french civil law was reinstated,became legal for the french to practice roman catholicism

why was the quebec act so unpopular?

seen as a threat to the protestant colonists

seen as a penalty for thier resistance

took away terrirotry from pennsyvliavnia and viginia

the first continental congress?

1774

suffolk resolves-radicals proposals

The second continental congress?

1775

thomas jefferson and benjamin franklin in attendance

appointed washington commander of the continental army

what did the colonists write to king george?

Declaration of the causes and necessities for taking up arms 1775

the olive branch petition 1775

what was the olive branch petition?

written by moderate john dickinson

begged big george to prevent further hostilities

what was thomas paine’s 1776 book

Common sense

sold 120,000 copies in 3 months

attacked british constitution

declaration of independence?

4th of july 1776

56 signatures including sam adams,john adams,benjamin,jefferson

what battle marked the start of the war of independance?

Battles of lexington and concord 1775

What battle did the british lose badly in 1776?

saratoga

brits had to surrender

french also committed to fighting with them

battle of the saintes?

1782

one of the greatest british victories ever

french were trying to capture jamaica

Who was william howe?

british commander 1775-1778

could of destroyed the lesser continental army

had 32,00 men to their 20,000

John burgoyne?

very eccentric british general

poor communication with howe

30 vehicles for his personal belongings

henry clinton?

british commander 1778-1781 (howes replacement)

poor supply lines

didnt get on with cornwallis

charles cornwallis?

1779

lead army in southern campaign

surrendered at yorktown ending the war

what were the intolerable acts?

1774 acts

called coercive acts in britain

marked the end of the years of calm

Townshend duties date of installment 1767?

imposed duties on glass,wine,china paper and TEA

critised due to only raising £40000 a year

1768 circular letter?

Sam adams put together a letter to be sent to the colonies denouncing the townshend act

“no taxation without representation”

evidance to support years of calm?

repeal of townshed duties

colonists were still loyal ot british

lord north supported townshed duties abolishing

who was john adams?

Founding Father and the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801

Who was commander of the continental army?

George washinton

what was the army called?

continental army

first battle that took place?

lexington and concord 1775

declaration of the causes and necessities for taking up arms 1775?

thomas jefferson and john dickson

americans would rather die than be enslaved (ironic)

but they had no intention of separating from GB

When was the declaration of independence made?

july 4th 1776

What three things does the declaration of independence list?

list of comlaints towards the british

declares all 13 colonies independant

ideas on revolution

Saratoga?

1775

key defeat of british

brits have to surrender

french commit to fighting with us

Yorktown?

1781

british loss

ended the war

why did the french intervene?

revenge for their embarrassing defeat in the 7yrs war

Conditions for french to join british?

frnech had to delcare indpendance

colonists had to show they were capable of defending themselves

Benjamin franklin?

founding father

american embassador in london

Thomas jefferson

author of declaration of causes and neccesities

and the decleration of independence

Name the 4 british generals in the war

William howe

John Burgoyne

Charles cornwallis

Henry Clinton

Name all (key) battles?

Saratoga-American win 1777

Charleston-British,1780

Yorktown -american,1781

Hessians?

Hessians were German mercenaries hired by the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War.

30,000 Hessians

Weaknesses of british forces?

Crossing times from britian to america-2 months

Large scale nature of the war

Generals divided on strategy

British were fighting for less

Lack of communication in saratoga

failed to establish links with american loyalist groups

american strength?

playing at home-motivated strongly against british

knew the terrian- could rely on local population

Washingtons prowess as a leader-Yorktown 1781

Guerilla warfare-plain clothed

400,000 strong army

How did french involvement help america win?

sent £48 worth of supplies by 1783

French generals served for free

motivated by revenge on the 7 years war

salutary neglect?

Salutary neglect refers to the 18th-century British colonial policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws, particularly in the American colonies.

No taxation with out represntation

rallying cry American colonists (roughly 1760s-1770s) protesting taxes imposed by the British Parliament, such as the Stamp Act of 1765

Patriots?

opposed the Kingdom of Great Britain's control and governance during the colonial era

Boston tea party date?

1773

Intolerable acts date?

1774

repeal of stamp act date?

1767

battle of saintes stats

fought on the final stages of war of independance

3000 soldiers killed

restored on british dominace around the indies

impact of war on britians trade?

imports fell by 26%

cost 232£ million

short term impact of war?

major source of istanbility in british politics,economy-endangred all of them empire

long term impacts?

relativley quick response to war from britian

empire moved to india and shit

still fought with france however