Video Notes: Head, Neck, Eyes, Ears, Nose, Throat - Vocabulary Flashcards

A set of vocabulary-style flashcards covering HEENT, nose/sinus, mouth, and basic respiratory structures and pathologies from the notes.

Normocephalic

Having a normal-sized head; head shape with no cranial abnormalities.

Hydrocephaly

Excess cerebrospinal fluid causing an enlarged head (hydrocephalus).

Plagiocephaly

Asymmetrical distortion of the skull, often from infant positioning.

Craniostenosis

Premature fusion of cranial sutures causing abnormal skull growth.

CN XI (Accessory nerve)

Cranial nerve that innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles; tested by shoulder shrug and neck rotation against resistance.

Lymphatics

Vessels and tissues involved in draining interstitial fluid and supporting immune function.

Lymph Node

Small, bean-shaped structure that filters lymph and helps fight infection.

Lymphadenopathy

Enlargement of lymph nodes.

Goiter

Enlargement of the thyroid gland.

Thyroid Bruit

Audible sound over the thyroid indicating increased blood flow or hyperactivity.

Hypothyroidism

Underactive thyroid with symptoms such as cold intolerance, weight gain, and dry skin.

Hyperthyroidism

Overactive thyroid with symptoms such as heat intolerance, weight loss, and exophthalmos.

Exophthalmos

Protrusion of the eyeballs, often associated with hyperthyroidism.

CN VII (Facial nerve)

Cranial nerve that controls facial muscles; tested for symmetry of movement.

Cotton-wisp Test

Sensation test typically for CN V using a cotton wisp.

TMJ (Temporomandibular joint)

Jaw joint; assessed for ROM, locking, crepitus, and pain.

Sclera

The white part of the eye.

Visual Acuity

Clarity of vision; measured with a Snellen chart.

Snellen Eye Chart

Chart used to measure visual acuity.

Hyperopia

Farsightedness; difficulty focusing on near objects.

Myopia

Nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects.

Confrontation Test

Peripheral vision screening test.

Extraocular Muscles (EOMs)

Muscles that move the eye; controlled by CN III, IV, VI; tested with six cardinal gazes.

Cardinal Gazes

Six directions used to test ocular motility.

Corneal Light Reflex

Light reflection test to assess ocular alignment.

Pupil

The opening in the iris that changes size with light.

Anisocoria

Unequal pupil sizes.

Pupillary Light Reflex

Constriction of pupils in response to light; involves CN II and CN III.

Ophthalmoscopic Exam

Examination of the interior of the eye, including the fundus.

Optic Disc

The optic nerve head; usually creamy yellow-orange in appearance.

Red Reflex

Red glow seen from the retina during ophthalmoscopy.

Cataract

Clouding of the lens leading to blurred vision.

AMD (Age-Related Macular Degeneration)

Degeneration of the macula causing central vision loss.

Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetes-related retinal vessels changes; a leading cause of blindness.

Retinal Detachment

Separation of the retina from its underlying layer; sudden vision loss.

Strabismus

Ocular misalignment; eyes do not look in exactly the same direction.

Glaucoma

Elevated intraocular pressure causing optic nerve damage and peripheral vision loss.

Presbyopia

Age-related decrease in the eye's ability to focus on near objects.

External Ear

The visible outer ear structures inspected and palpated.

Tympanic Membrane

The eardrum; should be shiny, translucent, pearly-gray, and mobile.

Otitis Media

Middle ear infection; TM is red, bulging and immobile.

Otitis Externa

Outer ear infection; painful, swollen external canal ('swimmer’s ear').

Presbycusis

Age-related sensorineural hearing loss.

Whispered Voice Test

Hearing screening using whispered words to assess hearing function.

Conductive Hearing Loss

Hearing loss due to problems in the external or middle ear; often treatable.

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Hearing loss due to inner ear or auditory nerve (CN VIII) dysfunction.

Otalgia

Ear pain.

Epistaxis

Nosebleed.

Allergic Rhinitis

Nasal allergy with sneezing, congestion, and itchy eyes.

Acute Rhinitis

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa; typically a cold with clear discharge.

Smell Test (CN I)

Olfactory nerve test to assess smell function.

Aphthous Ulcer

Canker sore; round/oval ulcer with yellow center and red halo.

Oral Candidiasis (Thrush)

Candida infection presenting as creamy white plaques on mucosa.

Leukoplakia

Precancerous white patches on oral mucosa.

Tonsillitis

Inflammation of the tonsils.

Peritonsillar Abscess

Abscess around tonsil with fever, severe throat pain, and trismus.

Torus Mandibularis

Bony ridge on the mandible.

Torus Palatinus

Bony ridge on the hard palate.

Bifid Uvula

Uvula split into two parts.

Halitosis

Bad breath.