Professional Policing (history)

Define the watch system of policing used in the NE US prior to 1900s

"watch"- was nighttime. Deterrent attempt to curtail crime by the mere presence
"ward"- day time, present on streets during day

What is August Vollmer most widely known for in policing

-goal was to bring professionalism to police during the reform era
-created the first police training school in the U.S.

-father of modern American policing

Compare and contrast the different types of police models or styles of the 1900-1940's era

-automobiles & radios provided rapid response times
-moving from beats to cars distanced the police/citizen contact taking away that "personal" relationship
-reform era/August Vollmer
-emergence of the present federal law enforcement system
-"the great promise for the future of policing is the college or university"

Who or what areas of the US have heavily influenced the development of Texas Law Enforcement

Texas Rangers

Explain/describe the traditional police service model

1. Reactive response

   1. Most of the workload of patrol officers/detectives consist of handling crimes that have already been committed, disturbances in progress, traffic violations, etc. (exceptions: crime prevention/narcotics investigations)

2. Incident driven

   1. Relies on limited information (mostly from victims, witnesses, suspects). Focus tends to be on one “incident” before moving to the next “incident”

3. “Primary means” of resolving incident: taking someone to jail

   1. Not every incident that happens needs a resolution of jail

   2. Aggregate statistics (low crime rate/high arrest rate)

4. Proactive

   1. Can only be proactive if there is no incident happening or you are not reacting to incident

What are the rewards of providing quality police customer service

- building of pride within agency and community

-stronger community relations

What are the characteristics of the police subculture

-curiosity and suspiciousness
-solidarity (taking care of one another)
-secrecy (protection from hostile environment)
-political and social conservatism
-cynicism (Hobbesian view of social work)
-social isolation
-authoritarian approach to control
-support during difficult/stressful times

Explain the "dirty harry problem"

-good ends, but through dirty means

-you use the correct course of action to get the correct ending regarding the law and courts

-don't let your emotions get involved and let you do things outside of the law (ie: beat someone to get a confession)

Review the information pertaining to the National Advisory on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals (NAC)

-reported that police still had low educational requirements
-established minimum entry requirements
-minimum requirements for educational was 1 year of college

What year was the National Advisory on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals introduced?

1973

What did the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration accomplish

funded numerous projects to speed up the criminal justice process

"incident driven"

this relies on limited information, mostly from victims, witnesses, and suspects. Focus tends to be on one "incident" which is resolved before moving to the next incident

reactive response

most of the workload of patrol officers and detectives consists of handling crimes that have already been committed, disturbances in progress, traffic violations, and such. Exceptions include crime prevention and narcotics investigations

Analyze the characteristics of traditional (formal) police organizational structure and police subculture (informal)

paramilitary:
-authoritarian
-chain of command
-micromanagement

Alternative method???
- participative- simply, community partnerships are established, prioritized, and empowered

Define "community policing" and explain this service model

- the concept that police officers and citizens work together in creative ways to help solve contemporary community problems related to crime, fear of crime, social and physical disorder, and neighborhood decay

- belief that police need to build relationships with citizens in the community, allowing their voice to be heard in efforts to improve the overall quality of life

- shifts focus from handling random calls to solving community problems

Describe significant historical events that has influenced policing in the United States

-wars
-civil rights movement
-prohibition

Describe the evolution of policing in Texas

-during Texas' 100 years as a province of Mexico, Mexican governors reigned over the territory that is now the modern day Texas.
-the Spanish military performed policing duties at that time.
-this ended when Texas became a free and independent republic after the Battle of San Jacinto in 1836.

Describe the historical development of police service models or styles from 1980 through today

(technology continues to improve with computers, cell phones, and weapons, development of COP,

Discuss the concept of crime stoppers and the function of the organization

- formed by LEO's, citizens, and media
-common goal= the reduction of crime and the arrest and conviction of criminals and fugitives statewide
-give tips, remain anonymous, get reward

Interpret the police organization's role in society

-network with other organizations
-duty to protect and serve the citizens of your community in an effective and efficient manner with a respectful attitude

Recognize the values of providing quality police customer service

-the community is well served, and the agency becomes a highly professional, respected service‐oriented organization.

Where do the roots of policing in America come from

Europe

When were the Texas Rangers founded

1823

When was the Wickersham commission created

1929

Describe the historical development of police service models or styles during 1900 thru 1940's

(introduction of automobiles and radios, reassigned from walking beats to patrols, distancing personal relationship between ofc and citizen, "reform" era by August Vollmer, FBI, National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement "Wickersham Commission" promised the future of policing needs college)

What year did the Wickersham commission promise the future of policing needs college

1931

Describe the historical development of police service models or styles 1950's thru 1970's

(improved technology further, automobiles improved response times, National Advisory Commission "NAC", Law Enforcement Assistance Administration "LEAA", became incident driven, controlled by radio system)

Sheriff

–Texas peace officer

–conservator of the peace

–enforces the criminal laws of the State

–responsible for the county jail, bail bonds, civil process, and

security of the courts

–In some small counties the BLANK is also the tax collector.