Global Sustainability Midterm Vocab (Chasek Chapter 1 and 2)

Globalization

Johnnesburg Summit (2002)

Sustainable Development

Right to Develop

idea mostly held and used by the global south in political negotiations that they still have the right to develop their country economically.

Gaia / Ecosystems

Industrial Revolution

Global Commons

common resources around the whole world, like the air, oceans, water in general

Biosphere

Global Population Growth

Carbon Taxes

taxes “levied on coal, oil products, and natural gas in proportion to their carbon content”

Greenhouse Effect

heat / energy from the sun hits earth’s surface, some is reflected back towards the atmosphere, and then some of that is reflected back at the earth again by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (kinda)

CFC’s

chlorofluorocarbons

Environmental Security

threats of climate change that can create security issues like natural disasters, “resource conflict, threats to sustainability and livelihoods, the degradation of land, water, and air, as well as concerns regarding public health”

Environmental Accounting

accounting for environmental impacts of actions

Transboundary Air Pollution

ex: air pollution from china ending up in the usa

Veto State

seeks to block proposed environmental regime outright, tries to weaken it to the point that it cannot be effective, or refuses to join, thereby reducing the global or long-term effectiveness of the regime

Intergenerational Equity

idea that future generations have just as much of a right to live as we do (7 generations idea)

International Regimes

“the set of principles, norms, rules and procedures that international actors converge around”

Stockholm Conference (1972)

N vs S divide, right to develop, additionality (principle of common but differentiated responsibility) (may be more time, more $, tech transfer)

Convention

“an agreement between countries covering particular matters, especially one less formal than a treaty”

UNEP

United Nations Environmental Program

Protocol

Sovereighnty

“supreme power or authority”

Collective State Action

“action taken together by a group of people whose goal is to enhance their condition and achieve a common objective”

Rio Earth Summit (1992)

Transnational Issues

Biodiversity

IOs

MNC’s

NGOs

Lead State

has a strong commitment to effective international action on an issue, moves the negotiation process forward by proposing options for an agreement, and attempts to win the support of other state actors.

Subnational Actors

Supporting State

speaks in facor of a lead state’s proposal

Swing State

has mixed incentives and, in exchange for its acceptance of an agreement, seeks a concession to its interests but not typically one that significantly weakens the regime

German Green Party

Structural Adjustment

UNCSD

Additionality

principle of common but differentiated responsibility - may be more time, more $, tech transfer needed

FAO

Soft Law

UNEP

Supranational

Bretton Woods System

Technology Transfer

Group of 77

World Bank

IMF

Chico Mendes

World Wildlife Fund (WWF)

Greenpeace

Sierra Club

EDF

Green Vote

Business Veto Power

Globalization Paradigm

‘economic growth’ vs ‘environmental impacts’

“floats all boats” - exclusionist tendencies

Green Economy

using technology to reduce impact of economic growth

Sustainable Development Paradigm

balance between environmental integrity, economic equity, and social justice / human rights

Precautionary principle

idea that we don’t have to wait for 100% certainty in order to make changes