Politics

Human Rights Act

Human Rights Act

1998 - incorporated ECHR into UK law

Magna Carta

1215 - established everyone (including the king) was subject to law

Bill of Rights

1689 - gave parliamentary privilege to MPs and free speech

Act of Settlement

1701 - parliament is dominant - monarchy existed on parliament's terms

Parliament Acts

1911 and 1949 - Reduced rights and powers of house of Lords eventually resulting in lords only being able to delay legislation for one year.

European Communities Act

1972 - Uk joined European economic Community - ( EU )

Wales Act

2014 - created and expanded devolved powers

Scotland Act

2016 - created and expanded powers of devolved assembly

House of Lords Act

1999 - removed most hereditary peers

Data Protection Act

1998 - protects against misuse of personal details.

Freedom of Information Act

2000 - required public bodies to publish and make requested non sensitive information public

General Data Protection Regulation

2018 - EU on privacy of data and protection of data for all individuals in the EU

European Withdrawal Act

2018 - repealing the European Communities Act 1972 and parliamentary approval for BREXIT negotiations between government and EU to take place

Fixed - Term Parliament Act

2011 - parliament needed a vote of 2/3 majority to call another (snap) general election.

2017 ( Theresa May undermines Fixed Term Parliament Act)

Calls a snap election

Health Select Committee recommends a number of measures to reduce child obesity - in 1 month the government acted

May 2018

2016 report by work and pensions committee

caused collapse of BHS and company owners were reported to the pensions regulator

example of cabinet reshuffle

April 2019 - sacking of gavin Williamson led to penny mordaunt to become defence secretary after a reshuffle.

reduction of cabinet committees

2017 - to 5 cabinet committees with 4 chaired by PM

manifesto pledge confidence and supply deal

2017 election - Theresa May struck a deal with DUP promising additional funding for northern Ireland in return for confidence votes

2013 avoid resignation for IMR

Ian Duncan Smith blamed civil servants for IT failings following a bad national Audit office report on the introduction of universal credit

Priti Patel - Breaking ministerial Code

2017 - sacked as international development secretary - as she held secret meetings with Israeli ministers while on holiday in Israel and did not inform the PM

collective cabinet responsibility suspended e.g

2016- Cameron did before EU referendum as there was a large divide in cabinet over the matter

public breach of CCR e.g

Ken Clarke and Theresa May breached this in 2010 about the future of the HRA

resignation over IMR

1954 - Dugdale - Agriculture Minister - resigned over flaws by civil servants purchasing farmland for a military airfield. Dugdale assumed IMR even though he had nothing to do with the issue and resigned

minister resignation over CCR

2016 - Ian Duncan Smith - Work and Pensions Secretary - resigned as he could not support policy to cut disability benefits.

minister resignation over ill health

January 2018 - James Brokenshire resigned due to cancer treatment

Minister resigns over personal scandal

2017 - Michael Fallon as defense secretary - sexual misconduct

Resignations since Theresa May 2017 snap election

50 ministerial resignations - 33 over BREXIT

Tax policy Under Thatcher

1990 Poll tax - decreased support for thatcher

Margeret Thatcher Resignation

Nov 1990 - failed to secure enough votes against Michael Hesseltine

Invasion of Iraq

2003 - Bush told Blair that Saddam Hussein had weapons of Mass Destruction - British and US troops went to fight, but there was a civil war after and troops had to remain in iraq

Britain withdraws troops from Iraq

2011

Blair Resignation

2007

all judges from this point are appointed by the JAC

Since 2006

mid 2018 number of BAME judges in UK Supreme Court

0

Supreme Court Set up

2009 following constitutional Reform act of 2005

Constitutional Reform Act

2005 - Reformed Lord Chancellor, Appointment of Judges, and introduced framework for Supreme Court

Horncastle Case

2009 - use of statements from witnesses not present in the court - Supreme Court sent this case back to Strasbourg as they said it was unfair - This influenced the EU ct of HR

Miller V. Secretary of State for exiting the EU

2017 - Article 50 case - ruling was parliament must have a vote on triggering Article 50 - reinforced p. sovereignty

Al Rawi v Security Service

2011 - terrorist Trial where UK services were attempting to give evidence in secret as this was a highly sensitive case - UK govt defeated as Supreme Court - each side must hear and see all arguments put before the judge - this shows strength of rights

Supreme Court ruled decisions made by UK spying tribunal should be subject to judicial review

May 2019 - shows how even Sensitive UK Tribunals are subject to oversight

Uk govt ignores European court of Human Rights ruling

2005 - European court ruled that a blanket ban on all prisoners having the vote denied is incompatible with ECHR - but parliament ignored this ruling and subsequently did not change the law

Scotland and Wales first devolution referendums

1997 - Both voted in favour of devolution

good Friday agreement

1998 - ceasefire and end of IRA attacks

Scotland Independence referendum

2014 - rejects full independence

Northern Ireland Assembly Suspended due to breakdown between DUP and Sinn Fein

2017

referendum to se up an elected assembly in North England

2004 - rejected by approx. 80% of electorate

Only Rich Landowners could vote

Before 1832

Great Reform Act

1832 - 1 in 5 men could vote

Representation of people Act allowing all men and women votes with no complications

1928 - all men and women over 21 could vote

Representation of people Act final one

1969 - all men and women over age of 18 can vote

Referendum that allowed 16 year olds to vote

2014 Scottish independence referendum

Chartists period

1830s - 50s - tried to get vote for all men over 21

suffragists period

1850s - 1900s - peaceful campaigning for womens vote - no change

suffragettes period

Early 1900s - militant violent methods - govt refused to give in to violence but subsequently gave women the vote.

2017 general election turnout

70%

EU referendum 2016 turnout

72%

conservatives membership in 1950s and 2018

1950 - 3 million members 2018

#metoo movement

2017 - against sexual harrassment slacktivism social media - leading to resignation of Michael Fallon for sexual harrasment

largest UK constituency in 2017

isle of white 109000 people

2015 general election UKIP seats and votes

1 seat and almost 4 million votes - disproportional

General Election James Callaghan vs Thatcher

1979 - thatcher won

when did Blair get elected

1994

General Election between Blair and John Major

1997 - Blair won again - labour landslide victory

General Election theresa May v Corbyn

2017 - Theresa May won through confidence and supply deal with dup forming a minority govt

Greater London Authority Referendum

1998 -72% voted yes - london got its own mayor and assembly

uk alternative vote referendum

2011

Clause IV

1918 - increase public ownership of key industries and redistribution of wealth

New labour

1997 Election with blair - introduction of the third way

Political Parties, Elections and referendums Act

2000 - spending limit on party spending , donation over £5000 had to be reported to electoral commission

Political Parties and Elections Act

2009 - allowed electoral commission to investigate cases and fine.

BMA junior doctors strike

April 2016 - over changes to junior doctors contracts

Smoking Ban

2007 - Smoking was banned in some public places

Greenpeace climb the shard

2013 - campaigning against shell drilling the arctic

shell announced it will stop drilling in the arctic

2015 - greenpeace worked

gordon brown announces Gurkhas can live in UK if they meet the requirements.

2009 - Joanna Lumley gurkha justice campaign endorsement

lobbying scandal

2015 - Jack Straw prepared to take large amounts of money to lobby for companies

Merrick Garland Nominated by Obama to be SC Judge

March 2016 - Senate refused to vote

Congress Override Obama's veto

2016 - congress gained 2/3 majority in each chamber so overrode obama's veto of justice against sponsors of terrorism.

Obama vetos Law passed by Congress

2015 - Obama vetos keystone XL pipeline approval Act

Obama makes treaty without congress

2015 - nuclear deal with Iran

president tries to change composition of the SC

1930s - Roosevelt tried to alter composition of Supreme Court by appointments as it struck down some of his new deals - but did not work as congress did not support his appointments

Bill of Rights (US)

1791 - First 10 amendments to the US constitution

government shutdowns

2018 under Trump administration

spending on facebook ads in 2016 US election

total of nearly $80million

Election expenditure 2016(US)

$1.2 billion approx

Supreme court upheld Crucial rights

2003 - upheld the bipartisan campaign reform Act limited hard and soft money being raised by parties

loss of recall election

2003 - California state governor Greg Davis lost recall election to Arnold Schwarzenegger

october surprises recent

2016 hilary clinton and her private emails server and trump with hollywood access tape