Chapter 20: The Progressive Era

rapid industrialization

The ________, technological advancement, and urban growth of the 1870s and 1880s triggered major changes in the way businesses structured themselves.

Sherman Anti Trust Act

The ________ of 1890 aimed to limit anticompetitive practices, such as those institutionalized in cartels and monopolistic corporations.

Fifteenth Amendment

The ________ clearly prohibited states from denying any citizen the right to vote on the basis of race.

Segregation

________ was built on a fiction- that there could be a white South socially and culturally distinct from African Americans.

temperance movement

The ________ also helped womens suffrage.

Reform

________ opened new possibilities for womens activism in American public life and gave new impetus to the long campaign for womens suffrage.

crop lien

The ________ and convict lease systems were the most important legal tools of racial control in the rural South.

Interstate Commerce Act

In 1887, Congress passed the ________, which established the Interstate Commerce Commission to stop discriminatory and predatory pricing practices.

social gospel

The ________ emerged within Protestant Christianity at the end of the nineteenth century.

disenfranchisement laws

The ________ effectively moved electoral conflict from the ballot box, where public attention was greatest, to the voting registrar, where supposedly color- blind laws allowed local party officials to deny the ballot without the appearance of fraud.

Social gospel advocates

________ encouraged Christians to engage society; challenge social, political, and economic structures; and help those less fortunate than themselves.

The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

What major industrial disaster convinced Americans of the need for labor reform?

Social gospel

_________________ emphasized the need for Christians to be concerned for the salvation of society and not simply individual souls

Temperance movement

The ______________________ was a social movement promoting temperance or complete abstinence from alcohol

Interstate Commerce Act

The ________________________ established the Interstate Commerce Commission to stop discriminatory and predatory pricing practices

Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890

The _______________________ aimed to limit anticompetitive practices

The Clayton Anti-Trust Act

What act did Congress pass in an attempt to close loopholes in previous anti-trust legislation?

Preservation and conservation

What two strategies dueled for supremacy among environmental reformers of the Progressive Era?

The crop lien and convict lease systems

What were the two most important legal tools of racial control in the rural South?

Crop lien system

The ________________________ was a credit system used by farmers in which a sharecroppers and tenant farmers obtained food and supplies on credit from local merchants, who would (along with the landowners) take most of the farm's profits and leave the farmers with the leftovers

Convict lease system

The ________________________ was a system of forced penal labor